The Impact of Routing Option on Tangerang Bus Lane Corridor

The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of re-routing bus lane corridor on some performance indicators. The Tangerang Bus Lane is taken as a case study. The discussion is focused on comparison of service planning performance indicators such ridership, passenger-km, and bus-km. A primary survey on bus operational characteristics and user attitude is conducted. Prior to the analysis, some basic formula is derivedand modified and, then, performance indicators for both route option are estimated. The analysis is conducted by comparing the estimated indicators. The result shows that the alternative route gives better performance and yields to a need of re-evaluating the originally proposed route

Commentary : the effects of inflammation, aging, and oxidative stress on the pathogenesis of Type II Diabetes

Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a high-risk metabolic condition associated with high mortality due to hyperglycemia. Many studies have focused on how inflammation, aging, or oxidative stress influences the pathogenesis of T2DM. The functional anomalies of the pancreatic beta cells attribute to insulin resistance which is the primary cause of T2DM manifestations and complications. This is evidenced in polymorphism in the TNF-α gene which inhibits insulin production, metabolism, and utilization during T2DM development. The dysregulation of insulin signaling involves multiple pathways. Various factors such as epigenetics, oxygen radicals, and glucolipotoxicity are implicated in the pathogenesis. Low-grade inflammation mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin-1 attack peripheral tissues and mediates the activation of critical pathways involved in T2DM pathogenesis via transcriptional factors. The core factor resulting in inflammation is hyperglycemia. The result is the release of inflammatory mediators which then affect neurons in the nervous system and alter microvascular and enzymatic pathways to elicit severe complications such as neuropathy. Oxidative stress and inflammation share an intertwined relationship in the pathogenesis of T2DM. High levels of reactive oxygen species increase the level of DNA damage markers and expose pancreatic beta-cell lines to dysregulation through reduced expression of the insulin gene. The link between the interaction of oxidative stress and inflation in the human body increases the level of interleukin-6 which triggers superoxide radicles and oxidative stressors increase which have been shown to affect free fatty acids metabolism inversely Finally, the aspect of cellular senescence in adipocytes and pancreatic beta cells explain why age is a critical factor in T2DM pathogenesis. Overall, the three factors discussed have a crucial role in T2DM disease states, progressions, and complications

Omega 3 versus Omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardio-metabolic health

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heart failure, and other cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. These conditions are directly attributed to modifiable behaviors such as sedentary activity, poor diet, excessive consumption of alcohol, or smoking. Efforts aimed towards their prevention and management are, therefore, not only essential in the accomplishment of the healthy populations but also for eliminating the associated cost and health burdens. Dietary change is an important approach to the promotion of cardiometabolic health. Omega 3 (C20–22 ω 3) polyunsaturated fatty acids have pleiotropic effects on the functioning of cells, control inflammatory factors and cellular events in vascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. The hypolipemic, anti-arrhythmic, and anti-inflammatory properties of fatty acids offer cardioprotection. Government agencies and national heart associations recommend increased consumption of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplements and fish to prevent cardiometabolic diseases. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role played by ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in promoting cardiometabolic health. Methods: The research study searched databases such as MEDLINE®, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL® and the Cochrane Library for relevant research studies evaluating the function/benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids particularly ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in promoting cardiometabolic functions published between 2011 and 2020. A total of 77 research studies were identified and used in the meta-analysis. Results: Results from the meta-analysis indicated that polyunsaturated fatty acids lower the risk for cardiovascular disease by limiting inflammation of blood vessels, reducing thrombosis, increasing levels of high-density lipoproteins, reducing levels of low-density lipoproteins, and reducing risk factors associated with hypertension. Conclusion. Given the benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids lower the risk for cardiovascular diseases indicted in the meta-analysis. Therefore, human diets must contain the required amounts of PUFA due to the associated benefits. Keywords: Omega-3, Omega-6, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, Cardiometabolic healt

Numerical integration of coupled Korteweg-de Vries System

We introduce a numerical method for general coupled Korteweg-de Vries systems. The scheme is valid for solving Cauchy problems for arbitrary number of equations with arbitrary constant coefficients. The numerical scheme takes its legality by proving its stability and convergence which gives the conditions and the appropriate choice of the grid sizes. The method is applied to Hirota-Satsuma (HS) system and compared with its known explicit solution investigating the influence of initial conditions and grid sizes on accuracy. We also illustrate the method to show the effects of constants with a transition to non-integrable cases.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure

Keselamatan terhadap Resiko Kebakaran pada Bangunan Ruko di Kota Makassar

Penelitian bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi ketersediaan unsur keselamatan kebakaran pada bangunan ruko standar maupun yang sudah mengalami Perubahan di kota Makassar dan (2) mendapatkan arahan dan solusi standar unsur keselamatan terhadap resiko kebakaran pada bangunan ruko yang laik diaplikasikan di masa mendatang khususnya di kota Makassar. Penelitian mengambil sampel beberapa kluster ruko di koridor jalan kota Makassar. Penentuan kasus menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling yang dilakukan secara purposif terhadap 87 unit ruko dari 3 kluster yang dibangun oleh pengembang (kluster jalan Pengayoman, kluster jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan, kluster jalan Talasalapang) dan 3 unit ruko yang dibangun sendiri oleh pemiliknya di jalan Todopuli Raya, jalan Adiyaksa Baru, dan jalan Abdullah Dg. Sirua berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan unsur keselamatan terhadap resiko kebakaran pada bangunan ruko yang dibangun oleh pengembang memiliki nilai rata-rata dengan kategori “cukup”. Ketersediaan unsur keselamatan terhadap resiko kebakaran pada bangunan ruko yang dibangun sendiri oleh pemiliknya justru memiliki nilai rata-rata dengan kategori “baik”. Desain bangunan ruko dimasa yang akan datang harus menerapkan standar sarana penyelamatan dengan berbagai alternatif jalur keselamatan untuk mencegah jatuhnya korban jiwa saat kebakaran serta unsur keselamatan lainnya (kelengkapan tapak, proteksi pasif dan aktif). Kata Kunci : Keselamatan, Ruko (Rumah Toko), Kebakaran, Makassa