Morphological structure of the tongue of the European bagder (Meles meles)

This study aimed to reveal the morphological aspects of the tongue and investigate the histologic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) findings of the papillae on the tongue of the European badger. Two adult European badgers were used as material. The tongues of the European badgers were removed via the dissection method, and morphometric measurements were taken. The tongues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for histological examination, and the SEM procedure was applied to the tongues. Three types of papillae were observed on the tongues: filiform, fungiform, vallate papillae. The different shapes (hook or conical structures) of filiform papillae were observed on the whole tongue. Fungiform papillae were found scattered in filiform papillae. Six vallate papillae were found on the dorsal face of the middle and root of the tongues. In the root of the tongue, the lingual tonsil was observed in the lentiform shape. It is thought that this research will provide contributions to morphological knowledge about badger tongue that species poor known

Morphological structure of the tongue of the European badger (Meles meles)

Background: This study aimed to reveal the morphological aspects of the tongue and investigate the histologic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) findings of the papillae on the tongue of the European badger. Materials and methods: Two adult European badgers were used as material. The tongues of the European badgers were removed via the dissection method, and morphometric measurements were taken. The tongues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for histological examination, and the SEM procedure was applied to the tongues. Results: Three types of papillae were observed on the tongues: filiform, fungi- form, vallate papillae. The different shapes (hook or conical structures) of filiform papillae were observed on the whole tongue. Fungiform papillae were found scattered in filiform papillae. Six vallate papillae were found on the dorsal face of the middle and root of the tongues. In the root of the tongue, the lingual tonsil was observed in the lentiform shape. Conclusions: The authors believe that this research will provide contributions to morphological knowledge about the tongue of the badger, which is a poorly known species. (Folia Morphol 2022; 81, 2: 394???399

Immunohistochemical evaluation of bcl-2, ER-alpha, caspase -3, -8, -9, PCNA and Ki-67 expressions in canine mammary carcinomas

PubMedID: 29565181We investigated the expression of bcl-2, estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha), caspase-3, -8, -9, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in canine mammary carcinomas. We used 65 paraffin embedded and re-diagnosed archival canine mammary tumor samples to which we applied the routine streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Seventeen cases were re-diagnosed as tubulopapillary carcinoma, 31 were re-diagnosed as complex carcinoma and 17 were re-diagnosed as carcinosarcoma. Differences of expression of bcl-2 and PCNA were statistically significant according to tumor type. Differences in expression of ER-alpha, caspase-3, -8, -9 and Ki-67 were not statistically significant. Differences of expression of bcl-2 and PCNA were statistically significant compared to ER-alpha, caspase-3, -8, -9 and Ki-67 in carcinosarcomas. We report the prognostic significance of bcl-2 and PCNA expression in canine mammary carcinosarcomas. © 2018, © 2018 The Biological Stain Commission.0193-NAP-13Our study was supported by Scientific Projects Commission of University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy (Project no. 0193-NAP-13)

Course and branch of the celiac artery in the red falcon (Buteo rufinus)

The present study was aimed at determining the origin, course and distribution of the celiac artery in eight adult red falcons, using a latex injection and dissection method. The celiac artery was ascertained to originate from the aorta at the level of the last 2-3 costae. The celiac artery was determined to split into two main branches, namely, left branch of the celiac artery and right branch of the celiac artery, in between the proventriculus and gizzard, and in the proximity of the lien. Prior to the indicated bifurcation, the celiac artery was observed to give off an esophageal artery and superior proventricular artery. In seven of the red falcons examined, splenic arteries, varying from two to four in number, were determined to spring from the celiac artery. Both the left and right hepatic arteries were ascertained to stem from the left branch of the celiac artery. The terminal branch of the left branch of the celiac artery, namely, the left gastric artery, was determined to have a fan-like distribution to the left surface of the gaster. The artery of the gall bladder was demonstrated to emanate from the left branch of the celiac artery in all of the red falcons examined, excluding one. The right branch of the celiac artery was determined to ramify into its terminal branches, namely, the right inferior gastric artery, ileocecal artery, pancreaticoduodenal artery, duodenojejunal artery and gastroduodenal artery, in the proximity of the pylorus which constitutes the gastro-duodenal passage

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the thorax in the mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon)

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction obtained by using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images have widely been used in anatomical studies. Thorax is one of the most important body cavities necessary for the protection of lungs and heart in mammals. Two adult mongooses (1 male, 1 female) obtained from traffic accidents were used in this study. The images obtained from MDCT were stacked and 3D reconstruction of thorax was performed by overlaying images using a 3D modeling software (Mimics 13.1). Some measurements of thoracic cavity, lungs and sternum were taken from the reconstructive images of mongoose and indexes were calculated from these measurements. The morphometric parameters were recorded for both sexes. From the study, it could be concluded that the thoracic cavity, lungs and sternum imagings and findings revealed by 3D modeling techniques can be utilized for anatomical training of wild animals. This study is expected to help in the diagnosis and treatment of thorax diseases in wild animals. © 2018, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved

Immunohistochemical detection of viral etiopathogenesis in lambs and goat kids with neonatal diarrhea

Background: Neonatal enteritis is an important disease that causes deaths of animals before 3 weeks of age, and results in significant economic losses. Viral agents can predispose the young animals to secondary infections in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in lambs and goat kids younger than 21 days. Although the neonatal diarrhea is common in calves, there is still little knowledge about pathology, pathogenesis and immunohistochemical localization of viral agents that cause neonatal enteritis in lambs and goat kids. In this study, we carried out investigations with the aim of detecting adenovirus, rotavirus, coronavirus and herpes virus in the guts of goat kids and lambs with viral enteritis. Materials, Methods & Results: Adenovirus, rotavirus, coronavirus and herpes virus antisera were applied to paraffinembedded intestinal tissue from neonatal lambs and kids that had died from enteritis. In addition, viral agents in the gut cells were detected and evaluated by electron microscopy. The study material consisted of 15 lambs and 15 goat kids that were presented for diagnosis. Viral agents were detected by immunohistochemically in 20 out of 30 animals. Rotavirus was diagnosed in 10 animals, adenovirus in five, herpes virus in three and coronavirus in two animals; and these results were supported by the electron microscopy. This study showed that viral agents play an important role in neonatal enteritis in lambs and kids. Discussion: Bacteria, viruses and protozoa may have a role in the etiology of neonatal enteritis and identifying the etiological agents is not always possible without laboratory studies. In addition, the immune system of the animal and environmental factors are important factors for to occurrence of the disease. The ages of the animals in present study varied between 1 and 21 days, but susceptibility to infection was most commonly observed between the ages of 1 and 12 days, and the infected animals immediately died after the appearance of clinical symptoms during this period. The most common clinical symptoms were fever, depression, dehydration, tenesmus, abdominal swelling and loss of appetite. Histopathological examinations revealed mild to severe lesions in the gut samples including hyperemia of vessels, submucosal edema, desquamation, erosion and ulcers of the epithelial layer of the gut, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the submucosa. Enlargement of mucus-secreting cells was most commonly observed. These results are common in neonatal enteritis and an agreement with previous studies and classical knowledge about clinical and pathological findings in this study. The agents of neonatal diarrhea most often isolated in calves are rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. A diagnosis of viral agents can be made by immunohistochemical examination of tissue fixed in formalin. This study revealed that the most common viral agents in lambs and goat kids neonatal diarrhea was rotavirus. In this study, protozoal and bacterial contamination was also observed. Our current study also showed that coronavirus is not an important etiological factor, compared with other viral causes of diarrhea in small ruminants. However, according to a previous study by our group, its incidence has increased and may be an important viral agent in neonatal enteritis in the future. This study showed that viral etiology was very important to occurring of neonatal diarrhea, practitioners must be taken into consideration when meet this problem. One of the most important prophylactic measurements may be vaccination pregnant sheep or goat for passive immunity of offspring. © 2018 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. All rights reserved.Acknowledgements. This study was supported by Scientifi

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC (SEM), HISTOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE MONGOOSE (Herpestes ichneumon L., 1758) TONGUE IN SOUTH TURKEY

This study aimed to investigate the scanning electron microscopic (SEM), histological and morphological characteristics of the tongue and papillae in Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon L, 1758). The tongues of two (one female, one male) dead mongoose tongue was used as material. The tongues of the mongooses were removed via the dissection method and morphometric measurements were taken. The tongues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution. Scanning electron microscopy and histological analyses were performed. According to the results, there were four types of papillae; filiform, fungiform, vallate-and foliate. The filiform papillae differed in terms of type and location on the tongue. It was seen that the filiform papillae had an arrow shape in the lateral cuts. The filiform type was observed on the tip of the tongue, both filiform and bound types on the middle of the tongue and both conic and hook types on the root. The foliate papillae were located laterally in the tongues and did not have ducts. There were four vallate papillae in the tongue of the male mongoose and three vallate papillae in that of the female mongoose. This study presents the first SEM, histological and morphological analyses of the tongue and its papillae in the Egyptian mongoose found in Turkey

Immunohistochemical evaluation of natural cases of encephalitic listeriosis in sheep

PubMedID: 30729816Listeriosis is an important public health problem in the world. It can cause abortion, encephalitis, septicemia, conjunctivitis and mastitis in ruminants. The development of central nervous system lesions is not fully understood in encephalitic listeriosis. We performed a retrospective analysis of 15 sheep with encephalitic listeriosis. Hyperemia and opacification of the meninges were common necropsy findings. Lesions generally were localized in the caudal part of the brain including the pons, medulla oblongata, thalamus and cerebellum. Microabscesses usually were found in the caudal brain and cerebellum, while perivascular infiltrates were found most often in other parts of the brain. Evidence of Listeria monocytogenes was detected immunohistochemically in the medulla oblongata, pons, thalamus and cerebellum. Prominent reactions for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100 protein, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-1 (NMDAR1) and inducible co-stimulatory protein (ICOS) were detected in the caudal brain, which indicates that these proteins may play roles in the pathogenesis of encephalitic listeriosis. © 2019, © 2019 The Biological Stain Commission.0129-NAP -11 0129-NAP-11Our study was supported by scientific Projects Commission of University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy (Project number: 0129-NAP -11).This work was supported by the scientific Projects Commission of University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy; [Project number: 0129-NAP-11]

Immunohistochemical evaluation of akabane virus infection in aborted and new-born calves

The present study was aimed at the detection and describing the lesions of akabane virus in foetal and new-born calves tissues using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques. Akabane virus lesions were evaluated in 12 foetuses and three new-born calves using serological and pathological methods and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Macroscopically, prominent arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly (A-H syndrome) were the main symptoms. At the histopathological examination, lesions were especially localised in the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata in the central nervous system (CNS) in calves naturally infected with akabane virus. In these areas, degenerative and necrotic neurons were observed. There was prominent mononuclear infiltration in perivascular areas. While akabane virus antigen was only detected in brain using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry against akabane virus yielded positive antigenic reactions in the cerebrum, cerebellum, liver, spleen and kidneys. In addition to these findings, there was a relationship between akabane virus infection and neurofilament (NF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) immunoreaction in astrocytes and neurons. © 2007 Veterinarni Medicina