Evaluation of Some Biomarker and Genetic Marker in Myocardial Infraction Patients

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) consists of unstable angina pectoris, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarct ion and ST segment elevate ion myocardial infarction.  The aim of the study was to compare the vibration  some hormones levels in the Acute coronary syndrome patients and control groups and This study aimed to investigate the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (?1562C>T, of the MMP-9 gene in patients with ACS in the Iraq population. Subjects and methods: This study was conducted between / mrjan teaching hospital in Babylon Province between November 2012- Aprial 2013and it was carried out at the coronary care unit  / in Babylon province/Iraq .  This patient-control study was composed of 60 ACS patients with age 53.38 ± 9.51 and 30control withe age  51.43 ± 7.81subjects, The present study is divided into two main parts: physio-biochemical and molecular parts. The physiological part involved hormonal assay( troponin and endothelin-1) while molecular part included The genotypes of the  selected SNPs were determined by the method of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR). The relationship between the polymorphism of the MMP-9 gene and the severity of Acute coronary syndrome with negative medical history. The result of this study showed that patients with Acute coronary syndrome both males and females had significantly troponin and elevated Endothelin -1 in patient than control<0.001**(**p value ? 0.01 was significant).Analysis of the SNPs showed that the frequency of CT and TT genotypes in patients with ACS was significantly higher than that in the control group (ACS vs. controls; CT+TT: (85%Vs 36%). Keywords:single nucleotide polymorphisms, troponin, endotheline, MMP-

Protective activity of some antioxidant plant against hydrogen peroxidase genotoxic effects on human lymphocyte

The study aims to evaluation protective activity of different plants  extracts, methanol extract of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); sage (Salvia officinalis L) and  Pomegranate cortex  (Punica granutum) and cold and hot water extract  of Ginger ( Zingiber officinale) and soaking method for saffron (Ccinerocus sativus) against oxidative stress caused by H2O2 on human lymphocyte in vitro using DNA fragmentation test . Plant extracts were characterized using thin layer chromatography and detection phenol compounds using ferric chloride reagent. Results showed that some plant extract consist of different compounds and have phenolic compounds in its extracts, some of this extracts didn’t have any effect on DNA when it use alone, but others have genotoxic effects, also its appeared protective effect against H2O2 which it caused fragment in DNA. Key words: oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation, antioxidant activity

Efficiency of Plants Extracts Synergism as Antibacterial Activity on Pathogenic Bacteria

Synergism between plant extract was carried out in present study using six common plants which extracted by mixture of methanol: water (20:80)%, then it characterized by thin layer chromatography, antimicrobial activity of these extract performed using OD of bacterial growth at 600 nm  against E.coli , S.aureus , Serratia Spp. , Klebsilla pnemoniae, Aeromonas hydrophillia isolation from different source in  hospital tests were  performed as only one extract on every bacterial species then tow extract was mixed together for evaluated synergist efficiency on every bacterial species, results show that used one extract only causes decreased in bacterial growth in different level, barley was the more effect on pathogenic bacteria but sage was lower effect, it caused activated bacterial growth.Synergism between plant extract also show different effects level  according to mixture forming and types of bacterial species. Present study concluded that mixture of plants used in herbal medicine have disadvantages in addition of its advantage to treatment bacterial infection, in other hand synergism between plants may be more effects. Keywords: synergism , OD, pathogenic bacteria

Some Herbal Medicinal Plants Activity against Candida spp which Resistance to Antifungal Drugs

Some medicinal plant that used as antibacterial in Iraq has been experimented as antifungal, five of these plants include Zingiber officinale, Salvia officinalis, Origanum vulgare, Glycyrrihza glabra, Punica granutum were used against four species of candida spp. C. paracitucus ,C. albicans, C.tropicus ,C.kruzi, which are resistance to antifungal drugs, 80% methanol was used to extract these plants, 5 mg/ml of each extracts used in nutrient broth for 4 days to evaluated anti-candida activity. The Results show that plants extracts causes complete inhibition ,decreased in candida growth ,don’t effect on activated candida growth, Zingiber officinale causes complete inhibition to candida spp except C. albicans, Salvia officinalis was decreased in all candida spp, Origanum vulgare, effect on C. albicans and C, kruzi but it don’t effect on other species. Glycyrrihza glabra decreased all candida spp. Punica granutum decreased growth of C. albicans and C. kruzi only. Keywords: Candida spp , plant extract, 80% methanol

Synergism Effect of Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants

Synergism between plant extract was carried out in present study using sex common plants whichextracted by mixture of methanol: water (20:80)%, then it characterized by thin layer chromatography, antimicrobial activity of these extract performed using OD of bacterial growth at 600 nm againstE.coli , S.aureus , Serratia Spp. , Klebsillapnemoniae, Aeromonashydrophilliaisolation from different source in  hospital tests were  performed as only one extract on every bacterial species then tow extract was mixed together for evaluated synergist efficiency on every bacterial species, results show that used one extract only causes decreased in bacterial growth in different level, barley was the more effect on pathogenic bacteria but sage was lower effect, it caused activated bacterial growth.Synergism between plant extract also show different effects level  according to mixture forming and types of bacterial species.Present study concluded that mixture of plants used in herbal medicine have disadvantages in addition of its advantage to treatment bacterial infection, in other hand synergism between plants may be more effects. Keywords:synergism , OD, pathogenic bacteria

Determination of Glucose Level in Blood and Aqueous Solution using Fourier Transform Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy is frequently utilized because it can measure a variety of solid and liquid samples, including components that are water soluble. The measurements of glucose concentrations in aqueous solutions are helpful to explore how near-infrared spectroscopy can be used for non-invasive assessments of glucose levels in the blood and how low concentrations of glucose in water may be determined using it. This study uses Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy to present an alternate method for estimating the glucose concentration in aqueous solutions below 1000 mg/dL. This method benefits from being non-destructive and less labor-intensive sample preparation. We carefully produced aqueous solutions of glucose at concentrations of 0–100 mg/dL at intervals of 5 mg/dL, 110–500 mg/dL at intervals of 10 mg/dL, and 525–1000 mg/dL at intervals of 25 mg/dL. As a result, 81 standard solution samples overall are produced for the calibration and validation sample sets. Inferring that the near-infrared prediction model is enough to estimate glucose content in the aqueous solutions below 1000 mg/dL, PLSR analysis to near-infrared spectra demonstrates that glucose content in aqueous solutions can be predicted effectively with a maximum variance of 6 mg/dL. While building a non-destructive glucose level measurement system employing a near-infrared light source, the NIR's capacity to detect glucose concentration below 1000 mg/dL is very crucial

Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Diabetics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: There is significant pathogenic and epidemiological overlap between diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This systematic review aimed to ascertain the association between OSA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a diabetic population. Methods: The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023404126). On 15 July 2023, a comprehensive search of the literature was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science, using keywords and synonyms of OSA, diabetes, and CVD, coupled with specific terms for different CVDs. Only observational studies that reported CVD events in diabetics (with and without OSA) were included. The quality of the studies included in the analysis was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: In the primary literature search, 8795 studies were identified, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria and included 17,796 participants. Eight studies were eligible for meta-analysis, and a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 1.29 (95% CI = 0.91–1.83) was found for developing CVD in diabetics with OSA at a 95% prediction interval of 0.30–5.60. The included studies showed significant heterogeneity with an I2 value of 91%. Conclusion: These findings show the possible association between OSA and diabetes and their impact on CVDs. Identifying and managing OSA in individuals with diabetes at an early phase could potentially reduce the risk of CVDs and its related complications

The Global Monkeypox (Mpox) Outbreak: A Comprehensive Review

Monkeypox (Mpox) is a contagious illness that is caused by the monkeypox virus, which is part of the same family of viruses as variola, vaccinia, and cowpox. It was first detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970 and has since caused sporadic cases and outbreaks in a few countries in West and Central Africa. In July 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public-health emergency of international concern due to the unprecedented global spread of the disease. Despite breakthroughs in medical treatments, vaccines, and diagnostics, diseases like monkeypox still cause death and suffering around the world and have a heavy economic impact. The 85,189 reported cases of Mpox as of 29 January 2023 have raised alarm bells. Vaccines for the vaccinia virus can protect against monkeypox, but these immunizations were stopped after smallpox was eradicated. There are, however, treatments available once the illness has taken hold. During the 2022 outbreak, most cases occurred among men who had sex with men, and there was a range of 7–10 days between exposure and the onset of symptoms. Three vaccines are currently used against the Monkeypox virus. Two of these vaccines were initially developed for smallpox, and the third is specifically designed for biological-terrorism protection. The first vaccine is an attenuated, nonreplicating smallpox vaccine that can also be used for immunocompromised individuals, marketed under different names in different regions. The second vaccine, ACAM2000, is a recombinant second-generation vaccine initially developed for smallpox. It is recommended for use in preventing monkeypox infection but is not recommended for individuals with certain health conditions or during pregnancy. The third vaccine, LC16m8, is a licensed attenuated smallpox vaccine designed to lack the B5R envelope-protein gene to reduce neurotoxicity. It generates neutralizing antibodies to multiple poxviruses and broad T-cell responses. The immune response takes 14 days after the second dose of the first two vaccines and 4 weeks after the ACAM2000 dose for maximal immunity development. The efficacy of these vaccines in the current outbreak of monkeypox is uncertain. Adverse events have been reported, and a next generation of safer and specific vaccines is needed. Although some experts claim that developing vaccines with a large spectrum of specificity can be advantageous, epitope-focused immunogens are often more effective in enhancing neutralization

The Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei Subsp. Sakei and Hawthorn Extract Supplements Improved Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, and Resistance to the Pesticide Acetamiprid in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

This study evaluated the impacts of the probiotic, Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei), and the extract of hawthorn, Crataegus elbursensis, on growth and immunity of the common carp exposed to acetamiprid. Fish (mean±SE: 11.48±0.1 g) feeding was done with formulated diets (T1 (control): no supplementation, T2: 1×106 CFU/g LS (Lactobacillus sakei), T3: 1×108 CFU/g LS, T4: 0.5% hawthorn extract (HWE), and T5: 1% HWE) for 60 days and then exposed to acetamiprid for 14 days. The growth performance improved in the fish fed LS at dietary level of 1×108 CFU/g, even after exposure to acetamiprid (P<0.05). Intestinal Lactobacillus sakei (CFU/g) load increased (P<0.05), following supplementation with the probiotic-enriched diet. The LS-treated fish had increases in the activity of digestive enzymes (P<0.05). Both LS and HWE stimulated antioxidant enzymes and immune system components in serum and mucus (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), protease, total Ig, and lysozyme) (P<0.05). However, the changes were different depending on the kind of the supplement. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in HWE-treated fish after acetamiprid exposure (P<0.05). Both LS and HWE reduced the liver metabolic enzymes (LDH, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH) in serum both before and after exposure to the pesticide (P<0.05). However, each enzyme exhibited a different change trend depending on the type of the supplement. HWE showed a stress-ameliorating effect, as glucose and cortisol levels declined in the HWE-treated fish (P<0.05). This study indicated the immunomodulatory impacts of LS (1×108 CFU/g) and HWE (at dietary levels of 0.5–1%). The probiotic showed more performance compared to HWE. However, the HWE mitigated oxidative stress more efficiently than the probiotic

Employing Sisko non-Newtonian model to investigate the thermal behavior of blood flow in a stenosis artery: Effects of heat flux, different severities of stenosis, and different radii of the artery

In this paper, a numerical investigation is carried out to study the blood flow behavior within the stenosis artery. An artery is under applying a constant heat flux on the boundary walls in this simulation. Lumen model is employed for simulation of the artery and the Sisko model is used to indicate properties of blood as non-Newtonian fluid. Also, the cone geometry of stenosis with different severities and radii are simulated. Then, effects of heat flux, different severities of stenosis, and different radii of the artery are studied on the blood flow behavior. It is reported that before stenosis, velocity is increasing and heat transfer rate is also increasing which cause temperature to be decreased in stenosis position. But after stenosis, velocity is decreased. Consequently, heat transfer rate is decreased which leads to reduction in blood temperature. Also, since the blood particles adhere to the arterial wall, with increasing radial distance from the walls, velocity is increased, which causes maximum velocity to be found in the central region. Moreover, the thermal driving force is damped in the lateral region of the artery and does not affect velocity. On the other side, as the severity increases step by step, the temperature decreases, respectively. In fact, the cross-sectional area decreases with increasing severity of stenosis. Consequently, velocity increases and causes heat transfer enhancement, which leads to a reduction in blood temperature. Therefore, the highest temperatures are related to the artery with an intensity of 20%. Although the cross-section area of the artery can change blood temperature, but its role can be ignorable in temperature enhancement and body healthy in this regard