Comparison Mother-Child Relationship between ADHD and Normal Children

ABSTRACT: Mother-child relationship can affect children's personality, and cause, change or reinforce positive or negative behavioral characteristics. How mothers' treat their children, can have long-term effects on children's behavior, performance, expectations and finally their personality in the future. The purpose of this study is to examine mother-child relationship in hyperactive children and compare it with normal children. To conduct this research, 34 elementary school boys, aging from 6 to 12 suffering from hyperactivity disorder and normal ones were convenience sampled from the elementary schools of Roudan in 2012. They were given the child-parent questionnaire and also the hyperactivity checklist. Method: this is a qualitative-descriptive and Ex post facto research. The results showed that hyperactivity has a positive correlation with parents' over supportiveness and child acceptance; and negative correlation with child rejection and leniency

Single-step methodology for genomic evaluation in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

Genomic information can contribute significantly to the increase in accuracy of genetic predictions compared to using pedigree relationships alone. The main objective of this study was to compare the prediction ability of pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) and single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) models. Turkey records of feed conversion ratio, residual feed intake, body weight, breast meat yield, and walking ability were provided by Hybrid Turkeys, Kitchener, Canada. This data was analyzed using pedigree-based and single-step genomic models. The genomic relationship matrix was calculated either using observed allele frequencies, all allele frequencies equal to 0.5 or with a different scaling. To avoid potential problems with inversion, three different weighting factors were applied to combine the genomic and pedigree matrices. Across the studied traits, ssGBLUP had higher heritability estimates and significantly outperformed PBLUP in terms of accuracy. Walking ability was genetically negatively correlated to body weight and breast meat yield; however, it was not correlated to FCR or RFI. Body weight showed a moderate positive genetic correlation to feed conversion ratio, residual feed intake and breast meat yield. Feed conversion ratio was strongly correlated to residual feed intake (0.68±0.06). There was almost no genetic correlation between breast meat yield and feed efficiency traits. Larger differences in accuracy between PBLUP and ssGBLUP were observed for traits with lower heritability. Results of the three weighting factors showed only slight differences and an increase in accuracy of prediction compared to PBLUP. Slightly different levels of bias were observed across the models, but were higher among the traits; BMY was the only trait that had a regression coefficient higher than 1 (1.38 to 1.41). We show that incorporating genomic information increases the prediction accuracy for preselection of young candidate turkeys for the five traits investigated. Single-step genomic prediction showed substantially higher accuracy estimates than the pedigree-based model, and only slight differences in bias were observed across the alternate models

Expression, purification and DNA-binding properties of zinc finger domains of DOF proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana

Introduction: DOF proteins are a family of plant-specific transcription factors with a conserved zinc finger (ZF) DNA-binding domain. Although several studies have demonstrated their specific DNA binding, quantitative affinity data is not available for the binding of DOF domains to their binding sites. Methods: ZF domains of DOF2.1, DOF3.4, and DOF5.8 from Arabidopsis thaliana were expressed and purified. Their DNA binding affinities were assessed using gel retardation assays and microscale thermophoresis with two different oligonucleotide probes containing one and two copies of recognition sequence AAAG. Results: DOF zinc finger domains (DOF-ZFs) were shown to form independently folded structures. Assessments using microscale thermophoresis demonstrated that DOF-ZFs interact more tightly (~ 100 fold) with double-motif probe than the single-motif probe. The overall Kd values for the DOF3.4-ZF and DOF5.8-ZF to the double-motif probe were ~2.3±1 and 2.5±1 µM, respectively. Conclusion: Studied DOF-ZF domains formed stable complexes with the double-motif probe. Although DOF3.4-ZF and DOF5.8-ZF do not dimerize with an appreciable affinity in the absence of DNA (judging from size-exclusion and multiangle laser light scattering data), it is possible that these ZFs form protein-protein contacts when bound to this oligonucleotide, consistent with previous reports that DOF proteins can homo- and hetero-dimerize

Microleakage and Resin-to-Dentin Interface Morphology of Pre-Etching versus Self-Etching Adhesive Systems

The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage and tissue-adhesive interface morphology from Class V restorations using different systems of dentin adhesives. Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surfaces of 27 extracted caries-free molars and premolars. Teeth were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) Prime & Bond NT, a 5th generation system using an initial step of total etch followed by a second step of application of a self bonding primer (2) Clearfil SE Bond, a 5th generation adhesive system employing two separate steps of self-etch priming and subsequent bonding (3) One-up Bond F, a 6th generation one step self-etching, self-priming and self-bonding adhesive. Microleakage and interface morphology of teeth restored with these adhesives and a composite resin were evaluated. Kruskal-Wallis Test (p = 0.05) was used to analyze the results. SEM analysis was used to relate interface morphology to microleakage. The mean and (SD) values of microleakage were: Prime and Bond NT: 0.15 (0.33), Clearfil SE Bond: 0.06 (0.17) and One-up Bond F: 2.96 (0.63). The mean microleakage for One-up Bond was significantly higher than for the other groups (p<0.05). Protruding tags in dentin channels were observed in Prime and Bond and Clearfil systems, but not in One-up Bond. The single step adhesive system, although more convenient for the clinician, uses a low viscosity formulation difficult to keep in place on cavity walls. It also tends to be too aggressive and hydrophilic to create an impermeable hybridized tissue-adhesive interfacial layer resistant to microleakage. Two-step adhesive systems, on the other hand, were retained on all segments of the cavosurface during application, and formed a hybridized interfacial layer resistant to microleakage

Epidemiology and etiology of Alzheimer's disease

One of the consequences of the worldwide population aging phenomenon is the increasing number of the neurodegenerative diseases, with Alzheimer's disease, as the most predominant one. The prevalence and etiology of Alzheimer's varies in different regions of the world, due to the structure of the aged populations in different countries. The social and economic burdens of geriatric diseases in the decade of the "demographic transition", have engaged the health systems in a serious challenge. Thus, it seems essential to identify the developing factors for neurodegenerative diseases in each country. In this review, the etiology of Alzheimer's disease has been investigated in different populations, also the possible factors that may explain the risk of developing Alzheimer’s in the future (such as vascular risk factors and depression) as well as protective factors that may reduce the risk of incidence (such as social, physical and cognitive activities, diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, and controlled vascular risk factors). Studies have shown that beginning education in early life and being engaged with entertaining mental activities during adulthood, while trying to maintain on good vascular health or optimal controlling vascular diseases can be preventive strategies against Alzheimer’s disease. © 2014, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

A giant Lymphangioma circumscriptum on the flank: Case report

Alireza Sobhani1 , Hakimeh S. Sajjadi 2, Touba Abbasi1 Lymphangioma circumscriptum is a rare congenital proliferation of lymphatic vessels that may occur anywhere on the skin and mucous membranes. Based on the depth and the size of abnormal lymph vessels, these lesions are divided into two groups: the superficial vesicles are called lymphangioma circumscriptum and the more deep-seated group includes cavernous lymphangioma, cystic hygroma, and benign lymphangioendothelioma. The differential diagnosis of lymphangioma includes herpes zoster, herpes simplex, molluscum contagiosum, cutaneous melanoma, dermatitis herpetiformis, and viral warts. Herein, we report a rare case of giant cutaneous lymphangioma circumscriptum with emphasis on histopathology and differential diagnosis. Our case was a 14-year-old boy with a history of multiple, clear, pink, red, and brown vesicles protruded as a patch of wart-like growths on the flank’s skin since the 6 months of age. Histopathologic examination indicated presence of multiple thin-walled dilated lymphatic spaces in the papillary dermis lined with a single layer of endothelial cells filled with finely granular hyaline material