Determinants Exclusive Breastfeeding in Public Health and Health Center North Jayapura Kotaraja Jayapura Papua 2015

This study aims to identify; 1

Exact Results for Tunneling Problems of Bogoliubov Excitations in the Critical Supercurrent State

We show the exact solution of Bogoliubov equations at zero-energy in the critical supercurrent state for arbitrary shape of potential barrier. With use of this solution, we prove the absence of perfect transmission of excitations in the low-energy limit by giving the explicit expression of transmission coefficient. The origin of disappearance of perfect transmission is the emergence of zero-energy density fluctuation near the potential barrier.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures; Proceedings of QFS200

Postoperative Catheterization after Total Vaginal Hysterectomy: Six versus Twenty Four Hours. A Randomized Controlled Trial: Kateterisasi Pascaoperasi Total Vaginal Histerektomi: Enam Jam versus Dua Puluh Empat Jam. Sebuah Penelitian Randomisasi Terkontrol

Abstracts Objective: To find out whether urinary bladder catheterization after total vaginal hysterectomy is more advantageous.Methods: Forty-six subjects were included. Subjects were divided into two groups. In one group (n = 24), a transurethral catheter was removed after six hours post-surgery. In the other group (n = 24), the catheter was removed after twenty-four hours. A few hours after removal of the catheter, patients were asked to urinate. Then residual volumes were measured by measuring cylinder, using 12F catheter. Pain was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Patients’ length of stay was also compared. Data were analyzed using Student T-test if distributed normally or Mann-Whitney Rank if data was abnormal.Results: Mean age for each group was 63,21 ± 8,73 and 62,38 ± 7,52 (6 hours, 24 hours respectively). Median score for 6 hours group was 50,00 (range 5 - 80) and for 24 hours was 100 (range 30 - 250) (P = 0,000). Pain perception and hospital stay were not statistically different in both group (P = 0,134 and P = 0,377)Conclusion:In this study, difference in postoperative catheterization time is associated with residual volume. Keywords: bladder catheterization, postoperative catheterization, residual volume, total vaginal hysterectomy.   Abstrak Tujuan: Untuk membandingkan lama waktu pemasangan kateter paskaoperasi total vaginal histerektomi yang lebih menguntungkan.Metode: Empat puluh enam pasien ikut serta dalam penelitian. Secara acak dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Pada grup I (n = 24), pelepasan kateter dilakukan setelah enam jam pascaoperasi. Pada grup II (n = 24), kateter dilepas setelah dua puluh empat jam. Beberapa jam setelah pelepasan kateter, pasien diminta untuk buang air kecil. Lalu residu urin diukur setelahnya menggunakan gelas ukur, memakai kateter no. 12 F. Skor nyeri menggunakan skor Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Lama rawat inap juga dibandingkan. Analisis data menggunakan student's T-test. Jika terdistribusi tidak normal, analisis memakai Mann-Whitney Rank.Hasil: Rerata usia untuk tiap grup adalah 63,21 ± 8,73 dan 62,38 ± 7,52 (6 jam, 24 jam, secara berurutan). Skor median untuk grup 6 jam adalah 50,00 (range 5 – 80) dan grup 24 jam adalah 100 (range 30 – 250) (P = 0,000). Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan secara statistic pada rasa skor nyeri dan lama rawat inap (P = 0,134 dan P = 0,377).Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini, perbedaan waktu pemasangan kateter pascaoperasi memiliki hubungan dengan volume sisa urine.Kata kunci: kateterisasi urine, kateterisasi pascaoperasi, volume sisa urine, total vaginal histerektomi

Litter layer and earthworms as an indicator of coffee production in the coffee and pine based agroforestry system

Critical support for successful coffee-based agroforestry production is the amount of litter input and the activity of macro-organisms. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the amount of litter on the soil surface, the population of earthworms, and the growth and production of coffee. The research was conducted between June 2019 and March 2020 at the Universitas Brawijaya Forest, East Java, Indonesia. For the coffee plants, a proportional random sampling method was used to capture the range of plant sizes within the study location. The range of diameters at breast height (DBH) recorded were divided into ten decils and four replicates within each decil. For each plant, DBH was transformed into tree biomass and fresh coffee bean weight was also measured. Litter weight and depth were measured using a 50 x 50 cm quadrat frame. A sampling of earthworms used the TSBF monolith method. There was a positive relationship between litter thickness, litter weight, the number of earthworms, and earthworm biomass against the dry weight coffee bean, while the four variables have no significant relationship with coffee tree biomass. We concluded that litter layer and earthworm biomass can be used as a simple indicator of coffee production

Understanding Giardia infections among rural communities using the one health approach

The epidemiology of giardiasis in rural villages in Peninsular Malaysia was examined in the context of the One Health triad that encompasses humans, animals and environment (i.e. river water). A cross-sectional study was carried out among five rural communities in Malaysia to determine the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in humans, animals and river water. Fecal samples collected from humans and animals were examined by light microscopy. Water was sampled from the rivers adjacent to the target communities and investigated for the occurrence of Giardia cysts. The isolated cysts were further genotyped targeting the glutamate dehydrogenase and triosephosphate isomerase genes. The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 6.7% (18/269) and 4.7% (8/ 169) among humans and animals, respectively. Giardia cysts (mean concentration range: 0.10–5.97 cysts/L) were also found in adjacent rivers at four out of the five villages examined. At Kemensah and Kuala Pangsun, Giardia cysts were isolated from humans [rate: 3.7% each (of 54 each)], animals [rates: 6.3% (of 62) and 11.3% (of 16), respectively] and river water [average concentration of 9 samples each: 0.83 ± 0.81 and 5.97 ± 7.00, respectively]. For both villages at Pos Piah and Paya Lebar, 12.2% (of 98) and 6.1% (of 33) of collected human samples were infected, respectively whilst none of the collected animals samples in these villages were found to be positive. The river water samples of these two villages were also contaminated (average concentration: 0.20 ± 0.35 (of 9) and 0.10 ± 0.19 (of 3), respectively). In conclusion, Giardia cysts were simultaneously observed in the human-animal-environment (i.e., river water) interfaces in at least two of five studied communities highlighting a vital need to improve understanding on the interplay of transmission dynamics, the role of infected humans and animals in contaminating the water sources and the role of water as a vehicle of disease transmission in these communities. Indeed, this study illustrates the One Health approach which is to recognize that the optimal health of humans are interconnected with the well-being of animals and their environment

Diversity and abundance of dipteran species at two different elevations in Gunung Datuk, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

A study on diversity and abundance of Diptera was conducted at two different elevations of Gunung Datuk viz. low (200 m) and high (700 m) from December 2014 to February 2015 using Malaise traps. Three malaise traps were set up in each elevation. A total of 1028 individuals of Diptera consisting of 31 families and 71 morphospecies were successfully collected. The abundance of Diptera at low elevation had the highest number of individuals collected with 627 (27 families, 62 morphospecies), while at high elevation only 401 individuals have been collected (23 families, 48 morphospecies). The most abundant family was Cecidomyiidae (322 individuals) while the least abundance was showed by the families Tipulidae, Rhagionidae and Agromyzidae with only one individual. The Shannon Weiner Diversity (H’) showed that low elevation had the higher diversity value with H’= 3.71. Further analysis conducted by using T-test showed that there was no significant difference between both elevations (P > 0.05). Overall, this study showed that the diversity and abundance of Diptera were higher at low elevation compared to high elevation

Tree and plant interactions in the agroforestry system: does the management of coffee intensification disrupt the soil hydrological system and pine growth?

With increasing population pressure on forests in Perhutani land, coffee industrial plants are integrated in Pinus merkusii forests as agroforestry systems in the Community-Based Forest Management program especially in Java. This condition raises the research question (1) whether the growth of pine plants is not affected by the integration of coffee plants with various management?, (2) whether with more intensive management of coffee will be able to improve the growth and production of coffee plants? (3) Does the increasing coffee management will decrease the availability of soil water for coffee plant and pine trees?. This research was conducted with a nested design with one research factor, namely coffee management actions. There are 5 types of coffee management treatment namely (1) no management, (2) coffee with pruning, (3) coffee with laid-down the stems, (4) coffee with pruning and combined with fertilization and (5) reducing a half the pine population, with pruned coffee. The conclusion of this study is that pine growth, which is generally planted as a production forest in Perhutani, will experience a very significant decline if it is converted into a coffee-pine-based agroforestry system. However, as a social function of the forest area, the agroforestry system is still recommended if farmers do coffee treatment with regular pruning and fertilization. Perhutani’s recommendation by reducing a half the pine population in the age of 10 years is appropriate to facilitate the interaction of coffee and pine so that water and nutrient competition can be reduced

EXAFS of Poly [μ-hexakis(2-methylimidazolato-N,N')triiron( II)]: Implications for Metalloprotein Studies

EXAFS data at the Fe K-edge of the coordination compound poly[mu-hexakis(2-methylimidazolato-N,N3triiron(II)] are presented. Single-scattering analysis of the EXAFS gives good agreement with the crystallographic data for the first two shells of atoms around the iron, but beyond that, multiple-scattering simulations are needed. The EXAFS data do not unambiguously indicate the presence of the methyl substituent, and upon refinement of the multiple-scattering simulation, artificially large spreads between atoms occurring at similar distances are observed. These findings imply that, in the analysis of metalloprotein EXAFS data, it is not possible to probe the difference between pros and tefe coordination of imidazoles, while the potential to obtain information on possible tilting of the imidazole ring relative to the metal-N1 bond is weak