Utjecaj fitohormona na sposobnost zakorjenjivanja reznica vrste Ficus benjamina L.

Vegetative production techniques, of which cutting method widely used in propagation of ornamental plants, have a crucial role for conserving the plant genetic sources. On rooting development of stem cuttings, cutting position, rooting medium and rooting hormone are some of the critical factors that affect the success. The primary objective of this study is to determine the best hormone doses and ideal rooting medium on Ficus benjamina L. stem cuttings. Conventionally, the most frequently vegetative propagation method is the rooting of the stem cuttings in various media such as, pearlite, peat, sand, through exposure to high-concentration rooting hormones (IBA, IAA, NAA, etc.). But, this conventional technique requires wide areas in the rooting stage of mass production, prevents monitoring the course of rooting, and necessitates large amount of materials used as hormones and rooting media. In this study, a new method that may be preferable in mass production of plants was tested. 39 different treatments were carried out, and their results were evaluated. Sand, and perlite were used as solid rooting media. Stem cuttings were kept in low-concentration hormones permanently after cutting (liquid medium). In this way, their rooting capability were examined. Rooting trials were conducted before stem cuttings were taken to solid rooting media. As conclusions, the highest rooting ratio were obtained for 10 ppm of NAA (94.43%) and 100 ppm of IBA (93.9%) in liquid media. Moreover, the highest root length and the average root length were quite low in liquid media.Tehnike vegetativne proizvodnje od kojih se metoda reznica uvelike koristi u razmnožavanju ukrasnog bilja, imaju ključnu ulogu za očuvanje genetskih izvora biljaka. Mjesto uzimanja reznice na biljci, medij ukorjenjivanja i fitohormon ukorjenjivanja neki su od ključnih čimbenika koji utječu na uspjeh razvoja zakorjenjivanja reznica od stabljike. Primarni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi najbolje koncentracije fitohormona i idealni medij zakorjenjivanja za reznice od stabljike vrste Ficus benjamina L. Konvencionalno, najčešća metoda vegetativnog razmnožavanja je zakorjenjivanja pupova u različitim supstratima kao što su perlit, treset, pijesak do izloženosti visoko koncentriranim hormonima zakorjenjivanja (IBA, IAA, NAA, itd.). Ali ta konvencionalna tehnika zahtijeva široka područja u fazi zakorjenjivanja masovne produkcije, sprječava nadzor tijeka zakorjenjivanja i traži visoku količinu materijala koji se koriste kao hormoni i mediji zakorjenjivanja. U ovom istraživanju, ispitana je nova metoda koja bi mogla biti poželjnijom u masovnoj proizvodnji biljaka. Izvršeno je 39 različitih tretiranja i prikazani su njihovi rezultati. Pijesak i perlit korišteni su kao kruti medij zakorjenjivanja. Pupovi su se trajno čuvali u hormonima niske koncentracije nakon rezanja (tekući medij). Na taj način je ispitana njihova sposobnost zakorjenjivanja. Ispitivanja zakorjenjivanja provedena su prije nego su pupovi odnijeti u kruti medij zakorjenjivanja. Kao zaključak, dobiveni su najviši omjeri zakorjenjivanja za 10 ppm NAA (94.43%) te 100 ppm IBA (93.9%) u tekućim medijima. Najveća duljina korijena i prosječna duljina korijena bile su prilično male u tekućim medijima

Trauma Surgery

Although trauma victims constitute around one-tenth to one-eighth of the total patient volume in hospital emergency departments, the burden of trauma on humankind is beyond these statistics. The twenty-first century is witnessing a growing threat on human beings imposed by many sources, namely natural disasters, terrorism and other conflicts, warfare, and transportation accidents; all of which ignite the rise of major trauma incidents worldwide. Physicians, therefore, get involved in trauma management more and more frequently in time. They need to evaluate, diagnose, treat, and stabilize victims and help them take part in active and productive life as soon as possible. Technological advances have provided many techniques to augment trauma care and resuscitation, fracture healing, wound care, casts and splints, sutures, and transfusions. However, the successful management of trauma warrants a collaboration of emergency medicine, surgical disciplines, intensive care medicine, and almost all the resources of a hospital. This work is an example of a multidisciplinary approach that is a must to maximize synergistic efforts to deliver contemporary care for trauma victims of all ages throughout the world

Subarachnoid Pleural Fistula Due to Gunshot Wound

SUMMARY: Subarachnoid pleural fistula (SPF) is an extremely rare complication that occurs after dural space and vertebral columns injuries. SPF is divided into two diagnoses based on the absence or presence of pneumocephalus and pneumorrachis. While pneumocephalus is defined as the presence of air the cranial cavity, if there is air in the spinal canal, this is defined as pneumorrhachis. In general, the association of SPF with pneumocephalus and pneumorrachis is rare but can occur after blunt trauma. In our patient, pneumorrhachis and pneumocephalus with SBF developed after the patient suffered a gunshot wound. This paper reports an SPF case accompanied by pneumorrachis and pneumocephalus, which occurred after thoracic spine injury due to a gunshot wound. ÖZET: Subaraknoid plevral fistül (SPF) son derece nadir bir komplikasyondur. Dural aralık ve vertebral kolonların hasarı sonrası oluşur. SPF pnömosefali ve pnömorachis yokluğu ve varlığı şeklinde iki gruba ayrılır. Pnömosefali, kraniyal kavite içerisinde hava bulunması olarak tanımlanırken spinal kanala hava girmesine ise pnömorachis denir. Genelde pnömosefali ve pnömorachis ile SPF birlikteliği nadirdir ve künt travma sonrası gelişir. Ancak bizim hastamızda pnömosefali ve pnömorachis ile SPF birlikteliği ateşli silah yaralanması sonrası gelişmiştir. Bu yazıda, ateşli silah yaralanması sonrası torakal omurga yaralanmasının neden olduğu pnömorachis ve pnömosefalisi bulunan SPF olgusu sunuldu. Key words: Gunshot, pneumocephalus, pneumorrachis, subarachnoid pleural fistula, Anahtar sözcükler: Ateşli silah yaralanması, pnömosefali, subaraknoid plevral fistü

The comparison of the serum steroid levels of the patients with or without atrial fibrillation: Case control study

Objective: Cortisol is a steroid hormone secreted in response to stress and play active role in catecholamine synthesis. Catecholamines may cause arrhythmia by effecting the conduction system of the heart. One study reported lower incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with post-operative steroid administration with respect to control group. Study also indicated AF development in four patients who received pulse steroid treatment. The aim of this study is to determine whether the serum cortisol levels are different in AF patients in comparison with the control group. Material and Method: One hundred thirty-eight subjects (69 patients, 69 control), who were admitted to emergency service of the university hospital, were enrolled in this matched case-control study. Serum free cortisol levels of AF patients, aged 18 or over, were compared with that of the control group. Results: The mean age of 138 patients was 71 ± 12, 82 of which were women (59.4%). Mean serum cortisol levels were 25.1 ± 20.1 mg/dL in the AF group and 21.4 ± 14.0 mg/dL in the control group (p = 0.214). There was no difference between two groups when serum cortisol levels were classified as normal and high according to diurnal rhythm (p = 0.609). Serum cortisol levels were determined as 31.4 ± 22.5 mg/dL in the paroxysmal AF group and 20.7 ± 17.3 mg/dL in the permanent AF group (p = 0.040) with no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.436). Conclusion: Our study concluded that abnormality in serum cortisol levels with respect to diurnal rhythm is not related with AF etiology and permanence. However, elevated mean cortisol levels in paroxysmal AF patients suggested the need for a more comprehensive study with higher number of subjects. © 2013 Japan International Cultural Exchange Foundation and Japan Health Sciences University

"Typhlitis" A Rare Diagnose For Emergency Room; Case Report

Typhlitis is an acute table that is characterised by the necrosis and perforation of the ascendant colon and cecum. It is often observed to be related to leukemia and lymphoma. If neutropenia, fever, pain in lower right quadrant and sensibility is present in a patient with malignancy, the first thing to think about is typhlitis. Abdominal computed tomography is used in the diagnosis of typhlitis. Typhlitis is related to high mortality and morbidity. The theraphy for typhlitis is medical or, depending on the complications, surgical. Diagnosis should be early and therapy should be started immediately. In our paper, we have presented the "typhlitis" case, which is an oncological emergency that is rarely observed in emergency services, and examined the diagnosis and therapy methods in the light of the relevant literature

An unusual cause of atrial fibrillation: Exposure to insecticides

Background Although there are many well-known cardiac results of insecticide poisoning, atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been reported as the result of insecticide intoxication

A New Model in Reducing Emergency Department Crowding: The Electronic Blockage System

SUMMARY: Objectives: Emergency department (ED) crowding is a growing problem across the world. Hospitals need to identify the situation using emergency department crowding scoring systems and to produce appropriate solutions. Methods: A new program (Electronic Blockage System, EBS) was written supplementary to the Hospital Information System. It was planned that the number of empty beds in the hospital should primarily be used for patients awaiting admission to a hospital bed at the ED. In the presence of patients awaiting admission at the ED, non-urgent admissions to other departments were blocked. ED overcrowded was measured in the period before initiation of EBS, the early post-EBS period and the late post-EBS period, of one-week's duration each, using NEDOCS scoring. Results: NEDOCS values were significantly lower in the early post-EBS period compared to the other periods (p≤0.0001). Although outpatient numbers applying to the ED and existing patient numbers at time of measurement remained unchanged in all three periods, the number of patients awaiting admission in the early post-EBS period was significantly lower than in the pre-EBS and late post-EBS periods (p=0.0001, p=0.001). Conclusions: EBS is a form of triage system aimed at preventing crowding and ensuring the priority admission of emergency patients over that of polyclinic patients. In hospitals with an insufficient number of total beds it can be used to reduce ED crowding and accelerate admissions to hospital from the ED. ÖZET: Amaç: Acil servis kalabalığı tüm dünyada giderek yaygınlaşan bir sorundur. Hastanelerin acil servis kalabalık ölçütlerini kullanarak durum tespiti yapması ve uygun çözüm önerileri üretmeleri gereklidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda Hastane Bilgi Yönetim Sistemine ek bir program (Elektronik Blokaj Sistemi, EBS) yazıldı. Buna göre hastanede bulunan boş yatakların öncelikli olarak acil serviste yatış bekleyen hastalar için kullanılması planlandı. Acil serviste yatış bekleyen hasta varken, ilgili servislere yapılacak acil olmayan poliklinik yatışları bloke edildi. EBS başlamadan önceki dönem, EBS sonrası erken dönem ve EBS sonrası geç dönemde birer hafta boyunca NEDOCS skorlaması ile acil servis kalabalıklığı ölçüldü. Bulgular: Elektronik blokaj sistemi sonrası erken dönemde diğer dönemlere göre NEDOCS değeri anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu (p≤0.0001). Her üç dönemde de acil servise başvuran günlük hasta sayısı ve ölçüm anında mevcut olan hasta sayısı değişmediği halde, acil servis içinde yatış bekleyen hasta sayısı EBS sonrası erken dönemde, EBS öncesi ve EBS sonrası geç döneme göre anlamlı olarak daha azdı (p=0.0001, p=0.001). Sonuç: Elektronik blokaj sistemi, acil hastaların poliklinik hastalarına göre öncelikli olarak hastaneye yatışını sağlayan, kalabalığı önlemeye yönelik bir çeşit yatış triajı sistemidir. Hastanedeki toplam yatak sayısının yeterli olmadığı hastanelerde, acil servis kalabalığını azaltmak için acil servisten hastaneye olan yatışları hızlandırmak amacıyla kullanılabilir. Key words: Emergency department, National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study, NEDOCS, overcrowding, Anahtar sözcükler: Acil servis, National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study, NEDOCS, kalabalı

A New Model in Reducing Emergency Department Crowding: The Electronic Blockage System.

Objectives: Emergency department (ED) crowding is a growing problem across the world. Hospitals need to identify the situation using emergency department crowding scoring systems and to produce appropriate solutions. Methods: A new program (Electronic Blockage System, EBS) was written supplementary to the Hospital Information System. It was planned that the number of empty beds in the hospital should primarily be used for patients awaiting admission to a hospital bed at the ED. In the presence of patients awaiting admission at the ED, non-urgent admissions to other departments were blocked. ED overcrowded was measured in the period before initiation of EBS, the early post-EBS period and the late post-EBS period, of one-week's duration each, using NEDOCS scoring. Results: NEDOCS values were significantly lower in the early post-EBS period compared to the other periods (p<0.0001). Although outpatient numbers applying to the ED and existing patient numbers at time of measurement remained unchanged in all three periods, the number of patients awaiting admission in the early post-EBS period was significantly lower than in the pre-EBS and late post-EBS periods (p=0.0001, p=0.001). Conclusions: EBS is a form of triage system aimed at preventing crowding and ensuring the priority admission of emergency patients over that of polyclinic patients. In hospitals with an insufficient number of total beds it can be used to reduce ED crowding and accelerate admissions to hospital from the ED

CLINICAL EFFICACY OF DEXAMETHASONE FOR ACUTE EXUDATIVE PHARYNGITIS

The objective of this study was to investigate whether treatment with single-dose dexamethasone can provide relief of symptoms in acute exudative pharyngitis. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was undertaken over a 3-month period in a university-based Emergency Department. The study included all consecutive patients between 18 and 65 years of age presenting with acute exudative pharyngitis, sore throat, odynophagia, or a combination, and with more than two Centor criteria. Each patient was empirically treated with azithromycin and paracetamol for 3 days. The effects of placebo and a fixed single dose (8 mg) of intramuscular injection of dexamethasone were compared. The patients were asked to report the exact time to onset of pain relief and time to complete relief of pain. After completion of the treatment, telephone follow-up regarding the relief of pain was conducted. A total of 103 patients were enrolled. Thirty patients with a history of recent antibiotic use, pregnancy, those who were elderly (> 65 years of age) and patients who failed to give informed consent were excluded. Forty-two patients were assigned to the placebo group and 31 were assigned to the intramuscular dexamethasone group (8-mg single dose). Time to perceived onset of pain relief was 8.06 +/- 4.86 h in steroid-treated patients, as opposed to 19.90 +/- 9.39 h in the control group (p = 0.000). The interval required to become pain-free was 28.97 +/- 12.00 h in the dexamethasone group, vs. 53.74 +/- 16.23 h in the placebo group (p = 0.000). No significant difference was observed in vital signs between the regimens. No side effects and no new complaints attributable to the dexamethasone and azithromycin were observed. Sore throat and odynophagia in patients with acute exudative pharyngitis may respond better to treatment with an 8-mg single dose of intramuscular dexamethasone accompanied by an antibiotic regimen than to antibiotics alone. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc