Effect of different plant densities on the fruit yield and some related parameters and storage losses of fodder watermelon (citrillus lanatus var. Citroides) fruits

This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of different plant densities (4762, 7143, 9524, 14286, 28571 plants ha(-1)) on the fruit yield and some other yield components of fodder watermelon under typical Mediterranean climate conditions during summer period of 2012 and 2013. Results indicated that average number of fruit per plant increased by decreasing plant densities but not single fruit weight and soluble solid content. It was suggested that 9524 plants ha(-1) (210x50cm) of fodder watermelon was the most successful crop density regarding the total fruit yield (189 t ha(-1)). It was also concluded that fodder watermelon fruits can be easily stored 210 days with 24% weight loss without any rot

The Effects of Some Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels on Grain Yield and Some Yield Components of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum) Plant

Sweet sorghum is a multi-purpose crop due to the use of all plant parts. The research was carried out under controlled conditions to evaluate the effect of fertilization management on growth, grain yield and yield characteristics of sweet sorghum grown as a second crop in Mediterranean climate conditions. The experiment was carried out two-factor randomized plot trial with 20 treatments combination of 5 nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg N/ha) and 4 phosphorus levels (0, 50, 100, 150 kg P/ ha) with 3 replications. Some properties were investigated in the study such as, plant height, harvest index, thousand grain weight and grain yield per plant and some characteristics related to yield. The results shown that plant height of sweet sorghum increased with increasing N and P levels up to 200 kg N or 150 kg P per hectare, respectively, but increase beyond 100 kg N or P/ha was not found significant in general. Other features related to yield followed almost the same trend. Grain yield per plant of sweet sorghum increased linearly with increasing levels of N and P up to 200 kg N and 150 kg P/ha in both years. The combined application of 150 kg N + 150 kg P/ha produced highest grain yield

Uticaj mase rizoma korišćenih pri zasnivanju useva na prinos biomase Miscanthus × giganteus

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the influence of rhizome mass on the success of plantation establishment and biomass yield of the bioenergy crop M. × giganteus during 10 years of cultivation. The experiment included three treatments with different rhizome masses: 10-20 g (very low); 25-35 g (low), and 40-60 g (medium mass). Planting density was 2 rhizomes m-2. The plants were harvested by mowing of the whole above-ground biomass each year in February. Out of the total number of planted rhizomes, the lowest emergence was noticed in very low mass rhizomes. In the first season, the greatest number of stems and crop height were encountered under the treatment with the highest rhizome mass. In the second season, crop heights were almost equal in all treatments. During the first two seasons, the highest biomass yields were recorded under the treatments with the highest rhizome masses. Although the analyzed parameters were highest with the rhizomes of 40-60g during the crop establishing stage, starting from the third season of cultivation, high yields of above-ground biomass may be obtained also with lower mass rhizomes. Having the highest biomass yield (25.85±7.36 Mg DM ha-1), the crop established with rhizomes of 25-35 g clearly stood out.Cilj našeg istraživanja je bio da procenimo uticaj mase rizoma bioenergetskog useva Miscanthus × giganteus na uspešnost zasnivanja i prinos biomase tokom prvih 10 godina gajenja. Ogledni tretmani su obuhvatili 3 mase rizoma: (1) 10-20 g (veoma male); (2) 25-35 g (male); i (3) 40-60 g (srednje mase). Gustina sadnje je bila 2 rizoma m -2 . Žetva košenjem celokupne nadzemne biomase izvođena je svake godine u februaru. Od ukupnog broja posađenih rizoma najslabije nicanje zabeleženo je kod rizoma najmanje mase. U prvoj godini gajenja najveći broj stabala i najveću visinu useva zabeležili smo u tretmanima sa najvećom masom rizoma. Međutim, u drugoj godini gajenja visina useva sva tri tretmana bila je približno ista. U prve dve godine gajenja najveću biomasu prinosa ustanovili smo u tretmanima sa najvećom masom rizoma. Iako su u fazi zasnivanja useva analizirani parametri bili najbolji sa rizomima mase 40-60 g, visoki prinosi nadzemne biomase od treće godine gajenja mogu se dobiti korišćenjem rizoma manjih masa. Jasno se ističe usev zasnovan sa rizomima mase 25-35 g sa najvećim prinosom biomase (25,85±7,36 Mg SM ha -1)

Potential risks and problems in the cultivation of perennial energy crops

Second-generation biofuel production systems are significantly better than first-generation systems. However, the size of areas in which the energy crops are grown depends on public support, and it decreases if public support is missing. Despite all the environmental and economic benefits, perennial energy crops do not currently play a significant role. It is believed that available land areas will be a basic limiting factor for cultivating biofuel crops in the EU. On the other hand, there is significant untapped potential for bioenergy production in abandoned and marginal land in Southeast Europe. At the same time, perennial energy crops are investments with certain risks. Economically viable production of dedicated energy crops will be difficult to achieve on most lands classified into V-VIII land capability classes. In terms of the risk of farming investments, maize has an advantage over all perennial energy crop systems. We have identified 10 types of risks for successful production of energy crops: (1) Crop water supply; (2) Weed infestation in crops; (3) Risks of frost damages; (4) Crop lodging; (5) Crop diseases and pests; (6) Short harvest periods and variable yields; (7) Economic viability of cultivation on land areas of lower land capability class; (8) Influences of agricultural practices and agro-ecological conditions on biomass quality; (9) Storage of harvested biomass and fire hazard; and (10) economic sanctions, war, and war surroundings. Although the cultivation of perennial energy crops has a perspective, it must be systematically planned and further improved

Forage yield and lodging traits in peas (Pisum sativum L.) with different leaf types

Two semi-leafless and four leafed pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes were evaluated for plant height, lodging scores, and forage yield in eight diverse locations with typical Mediterranean or Mediterranean-type climate in the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growing seasons. The genotypes used in this study were forage type with indeterminate growing habit. Significant differences among pea genotypes were found for all traits over years and locations. All interactions which related to G x E interaction showed significance (P>0.01) for all traits. The forage yield of the pea genotypes averaged 26605 kg ha(-1) and the highest yield was obtained from the leafed genotype Urunlu. Its forage yield reached to 35970 kg ha(-1) yield level at Samsun location

Genotype x nvironment interaction and stability analysis for dry matter and seed yield in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate dry matter (DM) yield and seed yield of six leafed and semi-leafless pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes, and to compare them for these traits. Evaluation of genotype x environment (G x E) interaction, stability and cluster analysis were also carried out at eight diverse locations with typical Mediterranean and Mediterranean-type climate during the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 growing seasons. Significant differences were found among the pea genotypes for DM and seed yield on individual years and combined over years, and in all locations. All interactions which related to G x E interaction showed significance (P>0.001) for DM and seed yield. The highest yield (4789 kg ha(-1)) was obtained from the leafed genotype 'Urunlu'. However, stability analysis indicated that for DM yield, the leafed genotypes 'Golyazi' and 'Urunlu' should be grown in low yielding and high yielding environments, respectively. Cluster analysis, based on grouping locations, showed that P101 was the preferred variety in low yielding environments, and P98, in high yielding ones. It was suggested that the use of both stability and cluster analyses might give better results. Comparison of cluster and stability analyses showed that the stability analysis fails to recommend cultivars to different regions where yield potential showed significant differences. It seems, however, that cluster analysis could be a powerful tool to examine G x E interaction. If the number of environments was sufficient, a separate stability analysis could be run in each cluster

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON THE GRAIN YIELD AND SOME YIELD COMPONENTS OF QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) UNDER MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

WOS: 000355062000009Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), is a pseudo-cereal crop that has been cultivated in the Andean region in South America. The quinoa as a field crop has a great potential in the improvement of food for humans and animals even under the conditions of marginal lands. For getting high crop yields, nutrients in balanced amount are a basic requirement. Experiments were carried out at the Bornova experimental fields of Field Crops Dept. of Agriculture Fac., Ege Univ., Turkey during 2013 and 2014 main crop growing season in order to evaluate the effect of seven nitrogen levels (0, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 kg ha(-1)) on the grain yield and some yield components of cultivar Q-52 of quinoa. Results indicated that the effects of nitrogen treatments and years on all characteristics tested were significant. Nitrogen level of 150 kg ha(-1) was proved to be the best level for nitrogen supplementation of soil for grain yield (2.95 t ha(-1)) and crude protein content (16%) of quinoa under Mediterranean ecological conditions of Bornova

Ana ve ikinci ürün olarak yetiştirilen silajlık mısır (Zea mays. L. ) çeşitlerinde ekim zamanlarının hasıl verimleri ile silaja ilişkin tarımsal özelliklere etkisi üzerinde araştırmalar

This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of different sowing dates on the forage yields and agronomical characteristics of some maize cultivars in terms of silage production under İzmir ecological conditions during summer periods of 1997-1998, main and second crop growing seasons. In both trials, two different sowing dates (normal and late sowing) and six various maize cultivars (C- 955, Frassino, HA-646, Molto, Otello, P-3223) were the factors examined in the studies. According to the results; normal sowing dates in both trials affected positively in terms of the yields of green herbage, dry matter, crude protein and ash. Sowing dates were not affected significantly on silage quality. C-955 and P-3223 maize cultivars in main and second crop trials determinated that, these cultivars were the best with regard to many characteristics mentioned above and silage quality. Keywords: Main and second crop, sowing dates, maize cultivars, forage yield, silage qualityBu çalışma İzmir ekolojik şartlarında, 1997-1998 ilkbahar-yaz dönemlerinin ana ürün ve ikinci ürün yetiştirme sezonunda, farklı ekim zamanlarının değişik silajlık mısır çeşitlerinin hasıl verimleri ile silaja ilişkin tarımsal özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Her iki denemede de, araştırma faktörlerim iki farklı ekim zamanı (normal ve geç ekim) ve altı değişik silajlık mısır çeşidi (C-955, Frassino, HA-646, Molto, Otello, P-3223) oluşturmuştur. Sonuçlara göre; hem ana ürün, hem de ikinci ürün normal zamanda yapılan ekimler hasıl verimi, kuru madde verimi, ham protein verimi ve ham kül verimlerini yükseltmektedirler. Ancak ekim zamanlan silaj kalitesi üzerinde önemli etkiler yapmamıştır. Gerek ana ürün gerekse ikinci ürün olarak C-955 ve P-3223 çeşitleri, yukarıda değinilen karakterler ve silaj kalitesi açısından en üstün çeşitler oldukları saptanmıştır