Take Advantage of Wasteful Batang Hari Irrigation for Electricity Services Improvement

This paper describes the Batang Hari Irrigation prospect to meet the electricity needs in its surrounding area in order to increase the electrical service for every level society. The use of Batang Hari irrigation is far from its capacity. Un-used water and infrastructures from Batang Hari irrigation can be used to generate hydro-electric. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Batang Hari Irrigation can be used to generate electricity power up to 1.6 MW. This hydro power service can increase the level of electric service in West Sumatra Province more than 1

Penelusuran Potensi Likuifaksi Pantai Padang Berdasarkan Gradasi Butiran Dan Tahanan Penetrasi Standar

. Padang 30 September 2009 earthquake had caused liquefaction at several locations in the city of Padang. Generally, liquefied areas were around the rivers or near the beach. In order to get the gradation of the liquefied soil, sieve analysis was conducted on soil samples. Based on those test result and drilling data, the assessment of liquefaction potential for soil layer around the coast of Padang is done. Soil investigation using deep drilling and standard penetration test to the hard layer has been done on the site. Furthermore, the soil gradations at certain depths were analyzed by comparing the gradation curve of the liquefied soil. Liquefaction potential assessment based on the soil gradation shows that the Padang Beach area has the liquefaction potential. The results are then compiled with the analysis of the liquefaction potential based on the standard penetration test. The depth of the soil layer that potentially to liquefy in Padang Beach is on the depth of less than 10m

Earthquake Damage Intensity Relationship for Residential Houses in West Sumatra

The Sumatra 30 September 2009 earthquake has damaged hundred thousand buildings in West Sumatra Province. The earthquake is located in 100 km offshore of Padang City, the Capital City of the province. Survey has been conducted to assess the damage of the building in few days after the earthquake. In this survey, the damage of buildings are categorised into 3 level that are heavily, moderate and slightly damages. This paper explores the level damage of building and then the intensity of the shaking in the affected area. Then based on the  coordinate of every building location, the buildings are scattered in  a map together with the intensity level. The relationship between the damage level and intensity for West Sumatra then is developed. This special damage-intensity relation is very important to be used for predicting the damage level due to a specified earthquake. The damage level is needed by The Government to develop an emergency and reconstruction budget plan for earthquake disaster in future

Analisis Jalur Terhadap Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (Ipk) Mahasiswa Statistika Undip

Education is a priority thing everyone today. Education is implemented in learning, by learning humans can develop all the potential there is in him. Learning is always related to the achievement of learning, because learning is a process while learning achievement is the result of the learning process. In the course of learning achievement levels measured by GPA (Grade Point Average). Factors that influence GPA among allowance, age, value of the UN Senior High School, many organizations, the internet long, long time to learn. Path analysis is the development of multiple regression which the independent variables affect the dependent variable not only directly but also indirectly affect. Based on the results of the discussion of the factors that affect the GPA is concluded that the allowance has indirect effect of -0,211, age has direct effect of age at 0,1901, the UN has direct effect of 0,258, many organizations have a direct effect of -0,3582 and has indirect effect of -0,132, the internet long direct effect of -0,2376 and has indirect effect of -0,038, long learning has a direct effect of 0,2344

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Investigation on the performance of limestone as filler on various pavement mixtures process

Additives added to the flexible pavement mixture aim to increase the strength of the pavement. Limestone which is a sedimentary rock consists of the mineral calcium carbonate (calcite) or the double carbonate of calcium and magnesium (dolomite). The use of limestone in pavement mixtures is expected to increase the performance of Marshall parameters. This study aims to determine the suitability of limestone as a filler for 3 types of pavement mixtures, namely Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course, Hot Rolled Sheet and Split Mastic Asphalt. In this study, the limestone used was sourced from Jorong Durian, Nagari Kamang Mudiak, Kamang Magek District, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. The tests were carried out using following variations of limestone; 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of the total amount of filler in the mixture. The results of the study using limestone as filler obtained at an optimum content of 29% for AC-WC, 22% for HRS, and 82.5% for SMA. In addition, AC-WC pavement was found to the best increase in Marshall stability performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that limestone from Kamang Mudiak is most suitable to be added to AC-WC pavement mixtures

Investigation on the Performance of Limestone as Filler on Various Pavement Mixtures

Additives added to the flexible pavement mixture aim to increase the strength of the pavement. Limestone which is a sedimentary rock consists of the mineral calcium carbonate (calcite) or the double carbonate of calcium and magnesium (dolomite). The use of limestone in pavement mixtures is expected to increase the performance of Marshall parameters. This study aims to determine the suitability of limestone as a filler for 3 types of pavement mixtures, namely Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course, Hot Rolled Sheet and Split Mastic Asphalt. In this study, the limestone used was sourced from Jorong Durian, Nagari Kamang Mudiak, Kamang Magek District, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province. The tests were carried out using following variations of limestone; 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of the total amount of filler in the mixture. The results of the study using limestone as filler obtained at an optimum content of 29% for AC-WC, 22% for HRS, and 82.5% for SMA. In addition, AC-WC pavement was found to the best increase in Marshall stability performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that limestone from Kamang Mudiak is most suitable to be added to AC-WC pavement mixtures