Decompositions of graphs based on a new graph product

Recently, we have introduced a new graph product, motivated by applications in the context of synchronising periodic real-time processes. This vertex-removing synchronised product (VRSP) is based on modifications of the well-known Cartesian product, and closely related to the synchronised product due to Wöhrle and Thomas. Here, we recall the definition of the VRSP and use it to define two different decompositions of graphs. Although our main results apply to directed labelled acyclic multigraphs, the VRSP can also be used to decompose any undirected graph of order at least 4 into two smaller graphs

The news coverage of the 2004 European Parliamentary Election Campaign in 25 countries

This article analyzes the news coverage of the 2004 European Parliamentary\ud (EP) elections in all 25 member states of the European Union (EU). It\ud provides a unique pan-European overview of the campaign coverage based\ud on an analysis of three national newspapers and two television newscasts in\ud the two weeks leading up to the elections. On average, the elections were\ud more visible in the new 10 member states than in the 15 old EU member\ud states. The political personalities and institutional actors featured in news\ud stories about the elections were generally national political actors and not EU\ud actors. When it was evaluative, the news in the old EU-15 was generally\ud negative towards the EU, while in the new countries a mixed pattern was\ud found. The findings of the study are discussed in the light of the literature on\ud the EU’s legitimacy and communication deficit

Improving the performance of periodic real-time processes: a graph theoretical approach

In this paper the performance gain obtained by combining parallel periodic real-time processes is elaborated. In certain single-core mono-processor configurations, for example embedded control systems in robotics comprising many short processes, process context switches may consume a considerable amount of the available processing power. For this reason it can be advantageous to combine processes, to reduce the number of context switches and thereby increase the performance of the application. As we consider robotic applications only, often consisting of processes with identical periods, release times and deadlines, we restrict these configurations to periodic real-time processes executing on a single-core mono-processor. By graph theoretical concepts and means, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions so that the number of context switches can be reduced by combining synchronising processes

Projecting EU Referendums: fear of immigration and support for European integration

This study tests competing hypotheses about public support for European integration and projects referendum voting behaviour. It emphasizes anti-immigration sentiments as a key variable for understanding reluctance about integration. Drawing on survey data, it is shown that anti-immigration sentiments, economic considerations and the evaluation of domestic governments are the strongest predictors of both attitudinal support for integration and individuals’ propensity to vote ‘yes’ in a referendum on the enlargement of the European Union (EU)

On a Directed Tree Problem Motivated by a Newly Introduced Graph Product

In this paper we introduce and study a directed tree problem motivated by a new graph product that we have recently introduced and analysed in two conference contributions in the context of periodic real-time processes. While the two conference papers were focussing more on the applications, here we mainly deal with the graph theoretical and computational complexity issues. We show that the directed tree problem is NP-complete and present and compare several heuristics for this problem

Hard and Soft: Public Support for Turkish Membership in the EU

Support for European integration is a function no longer only of `hard' economic and utilitarian predictors but also of `soft' predictors such as feelings of identity and attitudes towards immigrants. Focusing on the issue of the potential membership of Turkey in the European Union (EU), this study demonstrates that the importance of `soft' predictors outweighs the role of `hard' predictors in understanding public opinion about Turkish membership. The study draws on survey data (N = 1630) and applies a series of regression models and structural equation modelling to show in addition how the effects of utilitarian considerations are mediated through `soft' indicators, further accentuating the importance of identity considerations and anti-immigration sentiments. The findings are discussed in the light of public support for and the legitimacy of further European enlargement

"Off-line": the 2004 European parliamentary elections on television news in the enlarged Europe

© 2005 – IOS Press and the authors.We outline the competitive television news market in the enlarged European Union (EU) and demonstrate the continued importance of traditional media, in particular television, in the context of proliferation in choice of news sources, including on-line news services. Drawing upon a content analysis of the most widely watched evening television news programs in each of the EU countries, we find that on average, EU news in 2004 was more visible in the new member states than in the old member states. The level of coverage in the old member states was slightly higher in 2004 compared to 1999. Looking at individual countries there was considerable variation with some countries (e.g., Greece, Denmark, Slovakia, and Austria) devoting about 20% of the news to the elections and others (e.g., Germany, Belgium, and the Czech Republic) devoting about 5% or less to the elections

The News Coverage of the 2004 European Parliamentary Election Campaign in 25 Countries

This article analyses the news coverage of the 2004 European parliamentary elections in all 25 member states of the European Union (EU). It provides a unique pan-European overview of the campaign coverage based on an analysis of three national newspapers and two television newscasts in the two weeks leading up to the elections. On average, the elections were more visible in the 10 new member states than in the 15 old EU member states. The political personalities and institutional actors featured in news stories about the elections were generally national political actors and not EU actors. When evaluative, the news in the old EU-15 was generally negative towards the EU, whereas in the new countries a mixed pattern was found. The findings of the study are discussed in the light of the literature on the EU’s legitimacy and communication deficit

Ballistic transport in random magnetic fields with anisotropic long-ranged correlations

We present exact theoretical results about energetic and dynamic properties of a spinless charged quantum particle on the Euclidean plane subjected to a perpendicular random magnetic field of Gaussian type with non-zero mean. Our results refer to the simplifying but remarkably illuminating limiting case of an infinite correlation length along one direction and a finite but strictly positive correlation length along the perpendicular direction in the plane. They are therefore ``random analogs'' of results first obtained by A. Iwatsuka in 1985 and by J. E. M\"uller in 1992, which are greatly esteemed, in particular for providing a basic understanding of transport properties in certain quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures subjected to non-random inhomogeneous magnetic fields