Prevalence of Common Methods of Suicide among Iranian Men; a Systematic Review

Background: Suicide is one of the public health problems with a high rate worldwide. Sex is a risk factor for successful suicide, making it the seventh leading cause of death in men in the United States. Based on the increasing suicide rate in Iran, we aimed to investigate the common methods of suicide in Iranian men. Methods: This study is a systematic review with subgroup analysis based on the prevalence of methods of suicide in Iranian men during 2009-2019. Specific keywords based on medical subject headings (MeSH) were searched in Iranian and international databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, and MagIran by designing a search strategy. Selected studies were reviewed using the study evaluation tool. For data analysis, STATA software version 14 was used. Also, heterogeneity studies by Q and I2 statics were assessed. Results: In the first phase, 529 studies were extracted, and finally, data were extracted from 19 studies. Because of the heterogeneity of the studies, meta-analysis was not possible and the final results were extracted based on subgroup analysis. Drug abuse was the most common method of suicide and the use of firearms was the least prevalent among Iranian men. Conclusion: Currently, the most common method of suicide in Iranian men is drug abuse. Therefore, it is recommended to design preventive interventions based on gender and take into account commonly available methods

Diagnostic triad of pulmonary anthracofibrosis in spiral CT scan : a retrospective study

Purpose: Anthracosis, a form of pneumoconiosis commonly caused by air pollution and other environmental factors, is a new entity in respiratory disorders. Bronchoscopy and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) are the gold standard of diagnosis. Herein, we evaluated the results of bronchoscopy and chest computed tomography (CT) scans of 187 anthracotic patients. Material and methods: Between April 2016 and April 2017, 187 cases (99 males, mean age 65 ± 10.2 years) who underwent flexible bronchoscopy and TBLB for various indications were considered for this study. CT examinations of these patients were reported as "blind to bronchoscopy results" by two experienced board-certified radiologists. Results: According to the results of bronchoscopy and TBLB, 100 patients were diagnosed as anthracotic. CT scans confirmed 71 of these cases as anthracosis. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of hyperdense non-calcified mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes, known as "brilliant lymph nodes", compared to bronchoscopy were 55%, 92%, 89%, 64%, and 72%, respectively (CI: 95%). Also, there was a positive correlation between anthracosis and brilliant lymph nodes (p-value = 0). Analysis of hyper-attenuated lung with bronchoscopy estimated sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy gave 41%, 94%, 89%, 58%, and 65%, respectively (CI: 95%). The specificity of brilliant lymph nodes, hyper-attenuated lung, and multi-segmental atelectasis as a diagnostic "triad of anthracosis" was 100%. Conclusions: Based on our analyses, the triad of brilliant lymph nodes, hyper-attenuated lung, and multi-segmental atelectasis was identified as a reliable set of imaging findings for the diagnosis of anthracosis