「解放令」と賤民

論

The Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB): hub for Oryza sativa ssp. japonica genome information

With the completion of the rice genome sequencing, a standardized annotation is necessary so that the information from the genome sequence can be fully utilized in understanding the biology of rice and other cereal crops. An annotation jamboree was held in Japan with the aim of annotating and manually curating all the genes in the rice genome. Here we present the Rice Annotation Project Database (RAP-DB), which has been developed to provide access to the annotation data. The RAP-DB has two different types of annotation viewers, BLAST and BLAT search, and other useful features. By connecting the annotations to other rice genomics data, such as full-length cDNAs and Tos17 mutant lines, the RAP-DB serves as a hub for rice genomics. All of the resources can be accessed through

H-InvDB in 2009: extended database and data mining resources for human genes and transcripts

We report the extended database and data mining resources newly released in the H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB; http://www.h-invitational.jp/). H-InvDB is a comprehensive annotation resource of human genes and transcripts, and consists of two main views and six sub-databases. The latest release of H-InvDB (release 6.2) provides the annotation for 219 765 human transcripts in 43 159 human gene clusters based on human full-length cDNAs and mRNAs. H-InvDB now provides several new annotation features, such as mapping of microarray probes, new gene models, relation to known ncRNAs and information from the Glycogene database. H-InvDB also provides useful data mining resources—‘Navigation search’, ‘H-InvDB Enrichment Analysis Tool (HEAT)’ and web service APIs. ‘Navigation search’ is an extended search system that enables complicated searches by combining 16 different search options. HEAT is a data mining tool for automatically identifying features specific to a given human gene set. HEAT searches for H-InvDB annotations that are significantly enriched in a user-defined gene set, as compared with the entire H-InvDB representative transcripts. H-InvDB now has web service APIs of SOAP and REST to allow the use of H-InvDB data in programs, providing the users extended data accessibility

栄養欠乏状態における Phytophthora capsici LEON. の菌糸生長と遊走子のうの形成(予報)(農学部門)

本報告は培地栄養ひいては体内栄養の欠乏状態に陥った際におけるPhytophthora capsici LEON.の遊走子のう形成について研究を行なったものである。栄養欠乏培地に菌を移植すると, 後培地に栄養が含まれているほど遊走子のう形成は遅くなる。したがって素寒天培地よりもアガロース培地で形成量が多い。この場合前培養が栄養欠乏していて菌の発育が弱々しい時は後培地では遊走子のうを形成しないし, 菌糸も伸長しない。移植に際して持ち込まれる菌体外栄養を除くため液体中で前培養し, 充分水洗して後培地に移すと前培養の栄養に富んでいるところに育ったものほど菌体量が多くなるが遊走子のうの形成は遅れる。前培養の糖濃度は遊走子のう形成には後培養の際ほど影響を与えないが, 菌体量が増加することによって間接的には影響しているようである。これらの結果から菌体内の栄養状態と遊走子のう形成との関係を模式図に表わして説明を加えた。Zoosporangia formation of Phytophthora capsici LEON. (stock no. 6) under poor nutritional conditions were studied. Mycelial development of the fungus was measured on several agar media such as oat meal decoction, Czapek, cucumber decoction and potato decoction. Among these, oat meal decoction agar was most effective for both mycelial growth and zoosporangia formation. On Czapek medium hypha grew rapidly but the mycelium was not so dense as on other media and zoosporangia were not produced. When sucrose was removed from Czapek medium, hypha became more thin but formed many zoosporangia. Water agar was more effective than no sugar Czapek medium for the zoosporangia formation. Water agarose (1%) was the most effective. In these experiments, carryover of nutrients by the inoculum was suspected to contribute to the growth and zoosporangia formation. Mycelial mat was thoroughly washed with sterile distiled water in two bottles to remove the effect of preculture medium and transferred to distiled water to see the net contribution of stored substance to the hyphal growth and zoosporangia formation. The fungus grown in common potato decoction medium took more days to produce zoosporangia after transfer to the second medium than the diluted ones. Dilution of potato dextrose medium decreased the growth of fungus but accelerated the production of zoosporangia. When the fungus was precultured in a poor nutrient medium, the growth after transference was poor and no zoosporangium was produced. From these results we proposed a schmatic diagram for the growth and zoosporangia formation of this fungus under different nutritional conditions

A circulating subset of iNKT cells mediates antitumor and antiviral immunity

新規の循環型iNKT細胞を発見 --抗腫瘍・抗ウイルス感染効果の高い免疫細胞療法の開発への貢献に期待--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-10-24.Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a group of innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize lipid antigens. They are supposed to be tissue resident and important for systemic and local immune regulation. To investigate the heterogeneity of iNKT cells, we recharacterized iNKT cells in the thymus and peripheral tissues. iNKT cells in the thymus were divided into three subpopulations by the expression of the natural killer cell receptor CD244 and the chemokine receptor CXCR6 and designated as C0 (CD244⁻CXCR6⁻), C1 (CD244⁻CXCR6⁺), or C2 (CD244⁺CXCR6⁺) iNKT cells. The development and maturation of C2 iNKT cells from C0 iNKT cells strictly depended on IL-15 produced by thymic epithelial cells. C2 iNKT cells expressed high levels of IFN-γ and granzymes and exhibited more NK cell–like features, whereas C1 iNKT cells showed more T cell–like characteristics. C2 iNKT cells were influenced by the microbiome and aging and suppressed the expression of the autoimmune regulator AIRE in the thymus. In peripheral tissues, C2 iNKT cells were circulating that were distinct from conventional tissue-resident C1 iNKT cells. Functionally, C2 iNKT cells protected mice from the tumor metastasis of melanoma cells by enhancing antitumor immunity and promoted antiviral immune responses against influenza virus infection. Furthermore, we identified human CD244⁺CXCR6⁺ iNKT cells with high cytotoxic properties as a counterpart of mouse C2 iNKT cells. Thus, this study reveals a circulating subset of iNKT cells with NK cell–like properties distinct from conventional tissue-resident iNKT cells