Characterization of Covering Dimension

        The present study focus and define a new kind of covering dimension and show some relations with other concepts using the ( ) sets in topological space. The current paper obtain some properties and characterization of this covering dimension.

L-Arginine supplementation in IUGR and it’s effect on fetal outcome: A randomised control trial

OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition in which the foetal growth is restricted pathologically in utero, remains a serious health problem. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-Arginine administration on the fetal outcome in pregnancies complicated by intra uterine growth restriction. METHODS: This randomized control study was undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Government Kilpauk Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from March 2017 to August 2017. The study included 60 randomly chosen pregnant women diagnosed with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). 30 women received 3 g of L-Arginine daily as a supplement to standard therapy (case group) and 30 women received only routine therapy (control group). The ultrasound and clinical examination were done on the first day of hospitalization and then every week in both the groups. RESULTS: In the group treated with L-Arginine, we observed higher Estimated fetal weight after 4 weeks of treatment(p <0.05), higher birth weight at delivery (p < 0.05), and APGAR score at 5 minutes (p < 0.05) compared to control group. There were no significant differences in IUGR (at entry and at delivery) between two groups. We also observed that there was an improvement in the liquor status of the group treated with L-Arginine (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that L-Arginine administration to pregnant women with IUGR may improve fetal condition and neonatal outcome after delivery by prolonging pregnancy and delivering a child with higher birth weight, better APGAR score and decrease the rate of cesarean sections. However, these benefits require confirmation by larger, more-powered study

Characterization of Covering Dimension

        The present study focus and define a new kind of covering dimension and show some relations with other concepts using the ( ) sets in topological space. The current paper obtain some properties and characterization of this covering dimension.

IgE-mediated hypersensitivity after ibuprofen administration

Although many immunoglobulin-related drug sensitivities have been described, there is a paucity of reports regarding IgE-related drug sensitivities. Here we describe a case of a patient who demonstrated IgE-mediated sensitivity to ibuprofen

The effect of background spatial contrast on electroretinographic responses in the human retina

AbstractThe electroretinogram (ERG) was obtained to contrast modulation (CM). This stimulus is a product of temporal modulation of the contrast of a spatial sinusoid at constant mean luminance. Mean contrast (10–40%), and modulation depth (25–1.0) were modulated at 7.5Hz to record the pattern electroretinogram (PERG). The spatial pattern was a foveally fixated grating pattern with sinusoidal luminance profile with spatial frequency of 4.6c/deg. CM resulted in significant first and second harmonic ERG responses. First harmonic amplitude increases then flattens as a function of mean contrast with ΔC=constant, while the second harmonic response remains unaffected by mean contrast. Apparently the first harmonic represents summed signals of local luminance responses arising from on and off neurons. Mean spatial contrast signals modulate preganglionic local luminance responses

On e-spaces and rings of real valued e-continuous functions

Whenever the closure of an open set is also open, it is called e-open and if a space have a base consisting of e-open sets, it is called e-space. In this paper we first introduce and study e-spaces and e-continuous functions (we call a function f from a space X to a space Y an e-continuous at x ∈ X if for each open set V containing f(x) there is an e-open set containing x with f ( U ) ⊆ V ). We observe that the quasicomponent of each point in a space X is determined by e-continuous functions on X and it is characterized as the largest set containing the point on which every e-continuous function on X is constant. Next, we study the rings Ce( X ) of all real valued e-continuous functions on a space X. It turns out that Ce( X ) coincides with the ring of real valued clopen continuous functions on X which is a C(Y) for a zero-dimensional space Y whose elements are the quasicomponents of X. Using this fact we characterize the real maximal ideals of Ce( X ) and also give a natural representation of its maximal ideals. Finally we have shown that Ce( X ) determines the topology of X if and only if it is a zero-dimensional space

Assessment of Level of Radiation Leakage at Certain Scientific Stores

Background: Radiation is a radiation dose rate at a specified location which is generated by any combination of natural and artificial (man-made) ionizing radiation sources. Background radiation varies with location and time. The global average exposure of humans to ionizing radiation is about 2.4 – 3mSv (0.0024-0.003Sv) per year. Objective: To detect, and calculate the total cumulative dose of radiation exposure in the center of the store and outside by moving the detector " portable PalmRAD"  away from a source. Patients and Methods: By using portable PalmRAD 907 Nuclear Radiation Meter to detect, and calculate the total cumulative dose of radiation exposure in the center of the store and outside by moving the detector " portable PalmRAD"  away from a source. the study was conducted in 2015, the first of March up until June. Results: The findings indicate that approximately 100% of students, academic staff or public in general are exposed to radiation near the store`s window (3.5 m from the store center), and the estimated total cumulative dose of radiation exposure exceeded  (13 µ Sv / day) and compare this finding with the standards level of radioactive substances, "Cs137" is (8.333 µ Sv / day) or (3000 µ Sv / year) [5, 18]. It is concluded that there is a risk to any low level radionuclide exposure. Conclusion: Low-level radiation can cause many health problems; even any level of radiation can be dangerous. There is always a bad effect of natural background radiation on DNA as well as several measures of health

Effect of compatibilizers on lignin/bio-polyamide blend carbon precursor filament properties and their potential for thermostabilisation and carbonisation

Biobased blends from hydroxypropyl modified lignin (TcC) and a biobased polyamide (PA1010) were produced by continuous sub-pilot scale melt spinning process. A reactive compatibilization was employed with the help of two different compatibilizers (ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride (MA) and ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)) to enhance the compatibility between the TcC and PA1010. The enhanced compatibility between the TcC and PA1010 achieved by reaction between hydroxyl groups with maleic anhydride groups in the MA compatibilizer or epoxy groups in the GMA compatibilizer via nucleophilic substitution, was confirmed by chemical (Fourier infrared measurements), physical (glass transition, melting and crystallization behaviour), rheological, morphological and tensile properties of the filaments from compatibilized blends. MA compatibilizer required a higher concentration (2 phr) than GMA (1 phr) to achieve an optimal performance because of the difference in the reactive group's concentration within the each compatibilizer. The MA compatibilizer though was more effective than GMA. The precursor blended filaments were successfully carbonized in a lab scale experiment to yield coherent carbon fibres with tensile stress values of 192 ± 77 and 159 ± 95 MPa; and moduli of 16.2 and 13.9 GPa respectively for uncompatibilised and 2% MA compatibilized blends. That the compatibilized carbon fibre properties are slightly inferior may be attributed to the need to accurately control and optimise applied stress during the thermostabilisation and carbonization stages. Notwithstanding, these differences, the results indicate the potential benefit of using compatibilized TcC/PA1010 blend filaments as carbon fibre precursors

Effect of cross-linkers on the processing of lignin/polyamide precursors for carbon fibres

This work reports the use of cross-linkers in bio-based blends from hydroxypropyl-modified lignin (TcC) and a bio-based polyamide (PA1010) for possible use as carbon fibre precursors, which, while minimising their effects on melt processing into filaments, assist in cross-linking components during the subsequent thermal stabilisation stage. Cross-linkers included a highly sterically hindered aliphatic hydrocarbon (Perkadox 30, PdX), a mono-functional organic peroxide (Triganox 311, TnX), and two different hydroxyalkylamides (Primid® XL-552 (PmD 552) and Primid® QM-1260 (PmD 1260)). The characterisation of melt-compounded samples of TcC/PA1010 containing PdX and TnX indicated considerable cross-linking via FTIR, DSC, DMA and rheology measurements. While both Primids showed some evidence of cross-linking, it was less than with PdX and TnX. This was corroborated via melt spinning of the melt-compounded chips or pellet-coated TcC/PA1010, each with cross-linker via a continuous, sub-pilot scale, melt-spinning process, where both Primids showed better processability. With the latter technique, while filaments could be produced, they were very brittle. To overcome this, melt-spun TcC/PA1010 filaments were immersed in aqueous solutions of PmD 552 and PmD 1260 at 80 °C. The resultant filaments could be easily thermally stabilised and showed evidence of cross-linking, producing higher char residues than the control filaments in the TGA experiments

Effect of cross-linkers on the processing of lignin/polyamide precursors for carbon fibres

This work reports the use of cross-linkers in bio-based blends from hydroxypropyl-modified lignin (TcC) and a bio-based polyamide (PA1010) for possible use as carbon fibre precursors, which, while minimising their effects on melt processing into filaments, assist in cross-linking components during the subsequent thermal stabilisation stage. Cross-linkers included a highly sterically hindered aliphatic hydrocarbon (Perkadox 30, PdX), a mono-functional organic peroxide (Triganox 311, TnX), and two different hydroxyalkylamides (Primid® XL-552 (PmD 552) and Primid® QM-1260 (PmD 1260)). The characterisation of melt-compounded samples of TcC/PA1010 containing PdX and TnX indicated considerable cross-linking via FTIR, DSC, DMA and rheology measurements. While both Primids showed some evidence of cross-linking, it was less than with PdX and TnX. This was corroborated via melt spinning of the melt-compounded chips or pellet-coated TcC/PA1010, each with cross-linker via a continuous, sub-pilot scale, melt-spinning process, where both Primids showed better processability. With the latter technique, while filaments could be produced, they were very brittle. To overcome this, melt-spun TcC/PA1010 filaments were immersed in aqueous solutions of PmD 552 and PmD 1260 at 80 °C. The resultant filaments could be easily thermally stabilised and showed evidence of cross-linking, producing higher char residues than the control filaments in the TGA experiments