Leaf anatomical characteristics in safflower genotypes as affected by drought stress

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a drought-tolerant species that grows in arid and semi-arid environments exposing to long periods of water deficit stress. Structure and functions of the plant organs including leaf anatomy are affected by drought stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of drought stress on some leaf anatomical traits including leaf thickness, upper and lower epidermal thickness, xylem width, metaxylem diameter, and vascular bundle width and their relationship with grain yield using 20 safflower genotypes under field conditions. A randomized complete block design was used in each of the non-stress and drought stress field conditions. Analysis of variance showed that drought stress significantly reduced all variables measured except vascular bundle width. The results also revealed the positive and significant correlations between grain yield with leaf thickness (r = 0.53**) and xylem width (r = 0.51**) under drought stress conditions. Due to this fact, the leaves thickness and xylem width could be considered key structural features of leaves that manage the ability of a safflower genotype to tolerate water deficit stress. Therefore these traits could be used as criteria to select tolerant genotype that were more tolerant to drought

Honey, a Gift from Nature to Health and Beauty: A Review

Benefits of honey are contributed by the composition of its elements such as glucose, fructose, glucose oxidase, vitamins and phenolic compounds. For health, honey can be used to treat wounds due to the antibacterial activity conferred by the hydrogen peroxide produced by glucose oxidase in honey. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, deodorizing and tissue regeneration activities in honey also help in the wound healing process. It can also be an alternative sweetener for diabetic patients to ensure compliance to a healthy diet. Moreover, honey exerts several effects such as lowering low density lipids and increasing high density lipids, thus reducing risk of atherosclerosis. In terms of beauty, honey can be used on skin and hair. It moisturizes skin through its natural humectant properties contributed by high contents of fructose and glucose. Honey treats acne on the skin due to its antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory action and tissue repair. The hair can benefit from honey in such a way that the hair has abundance, and becomes easier to comb. However, there have not been as many studies regarding the use of honey in skin in comparison to its use for health. Therefore, future studies on honey could research its use, action and benefits in both cosmetics and dermatology

Death anxiety in students of medical emergency and emergency technicians of Sabzevar in 1392

Introduction: The death anxiety is defined as the fear of your death and others�. Being aware of death is inescapable the anxiety beside that leads to different behaviors and the health care workers are exposed to this kind of anxiety more than others. Especially when a sudden and unexpected death occurs and a wide obvious malfunction is seen in the emergency department staffs. Study examined the factors associated with death anxiety in students of medical emergencies and emergency technicians performed. Methods: The cross-sectional study was done on157students in Sabzevar, 75 emergency technicians and 82 emergency medical students. Sampling was done using enumeration and gathering information took place by a two-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics and factors affecting on the level of death anxiety and Templer�s standard questionnaire of death anxiety. The data was analyzed by Spss statistics software using T-test, correlation and regression. Results: The results showed that there�s a significant difference(P=0/000)between the medical emergency students� mean score of death anxiety (6/2 ± 41/24) and the emergency technicians (7.6 ± 27/26). The mean score has also a significant statistical relationship with the students� marital status, employment status, educational certification, age and occupation (student / technician) (P=0/000) but in emergency technicians, the mean score didn�t have a significant statistical relationship with the parents�s (P<0/088), being interested in the major, the number of work shifts and missions (P<0/123). Conclusion

Attentional Demand of Speech in Children and Adolescents with Developmental Stuttering

Background & Objective: Stuttering is a prevalent disorder in children and adolescents. Because attention is the only fuel resource for cognitive functions and the language have high cognitive functions, then it is possible that speech difficulties are related to attention deficit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attentional demand of speech in children and adolescents with developmental stuttering. Materials & Methods: It is a dependent measurement study though which 30 school students (8-13 yr.) were selected by convenience sampling and speech therapist´s detection from Shahriyar. The instruments were used in this research consist of: a text for reading, a device for recording of speech, and stuttering severity instrument-3 (SSI-3). The research was implemented in two conditions: single task (only reading) and dual task (reading along finger tapping task). The data were analyzed using T- test. Results: Findings show that stuttering severity increased in dual task condition (divided attention). Conclusion: This result suggests that a decreased attentional capacity in children with developmental stuttering cause an increase in the number of stuttering words. With a better understanding of attentional functions of stuttering people as an important cognitive variables, we can take a step toward recognizing cognitive vulnerability of disorder. Therefore, intervention programs for children with developmental stuttering should pay attention to cognitive deficits and prior to speech interventions, the cognitive deficits should be eliminated with neuropsychological implements. With the improvement of neurological base of speech which is the first point of that in the brain, the considerable improvement may be seen in the stuttering severity

مقایسه سرعت حرکتی در کودکان و نوجوانان نابینا و همتایان سالم

مقدمه: آسیب دیداری روی تمام جنبه‌های رشدی کودک تأثیر می‌گذارد. هدف از این مطالعه، مقایسه سرعت حركتي بین کودکان و نوجوانان نابینا و همتایان سالم بود. مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش مقطعی- تحلیلی حاضر با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس بر روی 30 دانش‌آموز نابینا و 30 دانش‌آموز نيز به عنوان همتايان سالم از مدارس شهر تهران انجام شد. تكليف ضربه زدن با انگشت به عنوان آزمون عصب روان‌شناختي، جهت ارزیابی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده به کمک آزمون Independent t تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: بین دو گروه از نظر سرعت حركتي دست راست(001/0 ≥ P)، دست چپ (0001/0 ≥ P) و هر دو دست (0001/0 ≥ P) تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: وقتی سیستم دیداری آسیب دیده است، مشکلاتی در توانایی حرکتی نیز ظاهر می‌شود. در ارزیابی بالینی و مداخلات مربوط به گروه‌های مبتلا به نابینایی، باید به همزمانی آسیب‌های دیداری و نقص‌های حرکتی توجه شود. کلید واژه‌ها: سرعت حركتي، نابینایی مطلق، آسیب دیداری، یکپارچگی حسی، کودکان و نوجوانا

The impact of family-centered care and meeting the need to learn how much of global anxiety in parents of children with urinary tract infection: a randomized clinical trial

&nbsp;Backgrounds and Objectives: About 30% of children hospitalized at least once during childhood, and about 5 percent hospitalized several times. The family is the most important source for support child patients so the family centered care is necessary. One of the main sources of stress and anxiety for the family is the crisis by the hospitalization ill children. Attention to the needs of mothers and reducing the anxiety from hospitalization is so important. &nbsp;&nbsp;The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of family-centered care and meeting the need to learn how much of global anxiety in parents of hospitalized children. Materials and Methods: In the present Randomized clinical trial study, 70 parents of children suffering from UTI &nbsp;&nbsp;randomly divided in two groups: control (35) and intervention groups (35). family-centered care done by researcher and participating mothers. Control group received normal care. The data gathering tool was a three-part questionnaire: personal characteristics, Krastinzdottir questionnaire and Spiel Berger’s questionnaire. Information were analyzed by using of SPSS software and chi-squared and t test. Results: The result of this study showed that the anxiety of the both group are the same and both of them are at the midrange. Range of meet information need in intervention and control group had statistically significant differences (p&lt;0.435). Conclusions: The family-centered care is effective at range of meet information needs of hospitalized children parent’s and increase their satisfaction. Keywords: Parent, Family Centered Nursing, Hospitalized Children; anxiety, Urinary Tract Infectio

Assessment of some medicinal plants for their allelopathic potential against redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)

The study was conducted to determine the allelopathic effects of Crocus sativus L., Ricinus communis L., Nicotiana tabacum L., Datura inoxia Mill., Nerium oleander L., and Sorghum vulgare L. on the germination and growth of Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed). Powder and aqueous extracts of these plants were used to run the experiment under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In the laboratory, all aqueous extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect on the germination, seedling length and weight of redroot pigweed plants. The most allelopathic against the redroot pigweed were R. communis, N. tabacum, and D. inoxia. In the greenhouse experiment, extracts and the powder of these plants also showed significant inhibitory effects on pigweed dry weight, height, leaf area, number of survivor plants, and amount of chlorophyll. In the germination bioassay and application of powder, the inhibitory effect was dosage dependent - the higher the concentration, the strongest the inhibitory effect. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the powder and extracts of the tested species have an herbicidal potential against redroot pigweed and could be used as natural herbicides and mulches

Outcomes of Implementation of Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Incontinent Patients in Shiraz

Background: Fecal incontinence is a common disorder in old age; however, it may not threaten life, but it can cause morbidity and many problems. Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed by chronic electrical stimulation of the nerves in the sacral plexus through a lead implanted at the S3 foramen. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of SNS in Shiraz. Materials and Methods: Data from patients who underwent implantation of an SNS device from 2012 to 2018 were reviewed in Shiraz. Thirty patients who had incontinence were evaluated by a committee. Pre- and postoperative assessments of the severity of incontinence were performed using Wexner Incontinence Score. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test. Results: Twenty-seven patients proceeded to insertion in the temporary SNS, and of these, 16 were elected to have a permanent SNS. Finally, seven patients were satisfied with their treatment. There was a significant reduction in the pre- and post-SNS Wexner Incontinence Scores from a median of 15–10, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, 16 patients underwent SNS protocol, and 43.7% of them showed a good response and recovered. It is recommended as a method for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Permanent SNS is effective, showing a significant improvement in fecal incontinence scores

Herbal medicines as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the result of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Understanding molecular pathogenesis is an essential factor for the allocation of effective preventive measures and the development of targeted therapeutics against COVID-19. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes structural and nonstructural proteins, which can be targets for compounds with potential therapeutic ability. On the other hand, the virus life cycle has stages susceptible to targeting by drug compounds. Many natural antiviral compounds have been studied and evaluated at the cellular and molecular levels with antiviral potential. Meanwhile, many studies over the past few months have shown that plant polysaccharides have good ability to target proteins and stages of the virus life cycle. In this regard, in this review study, the virus specifications and infectious process and structural and functional components of SARS-CoV-2 will be reviewed, and then the latest studies on the effect of plant compounds with more focus on polysaccharides on viral targets and their inhibitory potential on the infectious process of COVID-19 will be discussed. Keywords: Alkaloids; COVID-19; Herbal medicines; Polyphenols; Polysaccharides; SARS-CoV-2; Terpene