The probabilistic scaling paradigm

In this note we further discuss the probabilistic scaling introduced by the authors in [21, 22]. In particular we do a case study comparing the stochastic heat equation, the nonlinear wave equation and the nonlinear Schrodinger equation.Comment: Expository paper, 14 page

MHR-Net: Multiple-Hypothesis Reconstruction of Non-Rigid Shapes from 2D Views

We propose MHR-Net, a novel method for recovering Non-Rigid Shapes from Motion (NRSfM). MHR-Net aims to find a set of reasonable reconstructions for a 2D view, and it also selects the most likely reconstruction from the set. To deal with the challenging unsupervised generation of non-rigid shapes, we develop a new Deterministic Basis and Stochastic Deformation scheme in MHR-Net. The non-rigid shape is first expressed as the sum of a coarse shape basis and a flexible shape deformation, then multiple hypotheses are generated with uncertainty modeling of the deformation part. MHR-Net is optimized with reprojection loss on the basis and the best hypothesis. Furthermore, we design a new Procrustean Residual Loss, which reduces the rigid rotations between similar shapes and further improves the performance. Experiments show that MHR-Net achieves state-of-the-art reconstruction accuracy on Human3.6M, SURREAL and 300-VW datasets.Comment: Accepted to ECCV 202

Production status and research advancement on root rot disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in China

China is the largest producer of faba bean with a total harvested area of 8.11×105 ha and a total production of 1.69 ×106 tons (dry beans) in 2020, accounting for 30% of the world production. Faba bean is grown in China for both fresh pods and dry seed. East China cultivates large seed cultivars for food processing and fresh vegetables, while northwestern and southwestern China grow cultivars for dry seeds, with an increased production of fresh green pods. Most of the faba bean is consumed domestically, with limited exports. The absence of unified quality control measures and simple traditional cultivation practices contributes to the lower competitiveness of the faba bean industry in international markets. Recently, new cultivation methods have emerged with improved weed control, as well as better water and drainage management, resulting in higher quality and income for producers. Root rot disease in faba bean is caused by multiple pathogens, including Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., and Pythium spp. Fusarium spp. is the most prevalent species causing root rot in faba bean crops and is responsible for severe yield loss, with different species causing the disease in different regions in China. The yield loss ranges from 5% to 30%, up to 100% in severely infected fields. The management of faba bean root rot disease in China involves a combination of physical, chemical, and bio-control methods, including intercropping with non-host crops, applying rational nitrogen, and treating seeds with chemical or bio-seed treatments. However, the effectiveness of these methods is limited due to the high cost, the broad host range of the pathogens, and potential negative impacts on the environment and non-targeted soil organisms. Intercropping is the most widely utilized and economically friendly control method to date. This review provides an overview of the current status of faba bean production in China, the challenges faced by the industry due to root rot disease, and the progress in identifying and managing this disease. This information is critical for developing integrated management strategies to effectively control root rot in faba bean cultivation and facilitating the high-quality development of the faba bean industry

Is the NH4+-induced growth inhibition caused by the NH4+ form of the nitrogen source or by soil acidification?

Soil acidification often occurs when the concentration of ammonium (NH4+) in soil rises, such as that observed in farmland. Both soil acidification and excess NH4+ have serious adverse effects on crop growth and food production. However, we still do not know which of these two inhibitors has a greater impact on the growth of crops, and the degree of their inhibitory effect on crop growth have not been accurately evaluated. 31 wheat cultivars originating in various areas of China were planted under 5 mM sole NH4+ (ammonium nitrogen, AN) or nitrate nitrogen in combined with two pH levels resembling acidified conditions (5.0 and 6.5). The results showed that the shoots and roots biomass were severely reduced by AN in both and these reduction effects were strengthened by a low medium pH. The concentration of free NH4+ and amino acids, the glutamine synthetase activity were significantly higher, but the total soluble sugar content was reduced under NH4+ conditions, and the glutamine synthetase activity was reduced by a low medium pH. Cultivar variance was responsible for the largest proportion of the total variance in plant dry weight, leaf area, nodal root number, total root length and root volume; the nitrogen (N) form explains most of the variation in N and C metabolism; the effects of pH were the greatest for plant height and root average diameter. So, soil acidification and excess NH4+ would cause different degrees of inhibition effects on different plant tissues. The findings are expected to be useful for applying effective strategies for reducing NH4+ stress in the field

Bibliometric analysis of ferroptosis: a comprehensive evaluation of its contribution to cancer immunity and immunotherapy

BackgroundIn the past 5 years, ferroptosis-associated cancer immunity has been attracted significant research interest.ObjectiveThis study was performed to identify and analyze the global output trend for ferroptosis in cancer immunity.MethodsRelevant studies were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on Feb 10th, 2023. The VOSviewer and Histcite softwares were utilized to perform the visual bibliometric and deep mining analyses.ResultsA total of 694 studies (530 articles (76.4%) and 164 (23.6%) review articles) were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection for visualization analyses. The top 3 key keywords were ferroptosis, prognosis and immunotherapy. The top 30 local citation score (LCS) authors were all collaborators of Zou Weiping. Deep mining of 51 nanoparticle-related articles showed that BIOMATERIALS was the most popular journal. The primary goal of gene signatures related to ferroptosis and cancer immunity was to establish prognostic predictions.ConclusionThere has been a significant increase in ferroptosis-associated immune publications in the recent 3 years. The key research hotspots include mechanisms, prediction and therapeutic outcomes. The most influential article was from the Zou Weiping’s group, which proposed that system xc-mediated ferroptosis is induced by CD8(+) T cell-secreted IFNγ after PD-L1 blockage for immunotherapy. The frontier of research in the field of ferroptosis-associated immune is the study on nanoparticle and gene signature The limitation of this bibliometric study is that publications on this topic are few

Corrigendum to: The TianQin project: current progress on science and technology

In the originally published version, this manuscript included an error related to indicating the corresponding author within the author list. This has now been corrected online to reflect the fact that author Jun Luo is the corresponding author of the article