Comparative transcriptome profiling of the fertile and sterile flower buds of a dominant genic male sterile line in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Expressions and annotations of the 1502 differentially expressed unigenes in sesame. (XLSX 338 kb

A Chandra Study of Temperature Substructures in Intermediate-Redshift Galaxy Clusters

By analyzing the gas temperature maps created from the Chandra archive data, we reveal the prevailing existence of temperature substructures on ~100 kpc scales in the central regions of nine intermediate-redshift (z~0.1) galaxy clusters, which resemble those found in the Virgo and Coma Clusters. Each substructure contains a clump of hot plasma whose temperature is about 2-3 keV higher than the environment, corresponding to an excess thermal energy of ~1E58-1E60 erg per clump. Since if there were no significant non-gravitational heating sources, these substructures would have perished in 1E8-1E9 yrs due to thermal conduction and turbulent flows, whose velocity is found to range from about 200 to 400 km/s, we conclude that the substructures cannot be created and sustained by inhomogeneous radiative cooling. We also eliminate the possibilities that the temperature substructures are caused by supernova explosions, or by the non-thermal X-ray emission due to the inverse-Comptonization of the CMB photons. By calculating the rising time of AGN-induced buoyant bubbles, we speculate that the intermittent AGN outbursts (~ 1E60 erg per burst) may have played a crucial role in the forming of the high temperature substructures. Our results are supported by recent study of McNamara & Nulsen (2007), posing a tight observational constraint on future theoretical and numerical studies.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figures, ApJ accepte

The Solution of Two-Phase Inverse Stefan Problem Based on a Hybrid Method with Optimization

The two-phase Stefan problem is widely used in industrial field. This paper focuses on solving the two-phase inverse Stefan problem when the interface moving is unknown, which is more realistic from the practical point of view. With the help of optimization method, the paper presents a hybrid method which combines the homotopy perturbation method with the improved Adomian decomposition method to solve this problem. Simulation experiment demonstrates the validity of this method. Optimization method plays a very important role in this paper, so we propose a modified spectral DY conjugate gradient method. And the convergence of this method is given. Simulation experiment illustrates the effectiveness of this modified spectral DY conjugate gradient method

Primary Study on Medium and Low Carbon Ferromanganese Production by Blowing CO2-O2 Mixtures in Converter

The production of medium- and low-carbon ferromanganese (M-LCFeMn) using the converter method has not been industrialized to date in China due to the high manganese loss and serious erosion of the furnace lining. To solve the above problems and to improve the refining technology of M-LCFeMn, the introduction of CO2 gas into the traditional converter process is proposed. In this study, the oxidation behavior of C and Mn in various conditions was analyzed by blowing different proportions of CO2-O2 mixed gas into the high-carbon ferromanganese (HCFeMn) melt. The results showed that it is feasible to make M-CFeMn by blowing CO2-O2 mixtures, and the Mn loss can be effectively reduced during the decarburization process. It is considered that when the proportion of CO2 reaches 25%, the mixed gas has the best effect on the decarburization and manganese preservation under current experimental situation. Two hypotheses and corresponding rate formulas of decarburization kinetics by using pure oxygen are put forward, and the effect of CO2 on the kinetics of decarburization was studied according to different hypotheses