An Interpretation of Emily Bronte’s Gothic Complex in Wuthering Heights

This thesis, adopting gothic criticism, attempts to analyze Emily Bronte’s gothic complex in Wuthering Heights since it is the unique novel Emily has created and it is the mature embodiment of Emily Bronte’s literary thoughts. This thesis tries to have a detailed and close interpretation of Emily’s gothic complex in terms of the descriptions of the natural circumstances and settings, the portrayals of the main characters, and the profound love between the two protagonists. Meanwhile, this thesis also points out that Emily not only inherits gothic tradition, but also develops it. Then this thesis attempts to analyze the reasons of Emily’s gothic complex from the social background and from her life experience.

Hypermethylated gene ANKDD1A is a candidate tumor suppressor that interacts with FIH1 and decreases HIF1α stability to inhibit cell autophagy in the glioblastoma multiforme hypoxia microenvironment.

Ectopic epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in facilitating tumorigenesis. Here, we first demonstrated that ANKDD1A is a functional tumor suppressor gene, especially in the hypoxia microenvironment. ANKDD1A directly interacts with FIH1 and inhibits the transcriptional activity of HIF1α by upregulating FIH1. In addition, ANKDD1A decreases the half-life of HIF1α by upregulating FIH1, decreases glucose uptake and lactate production, inhibits glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) autophagy, and induces apoptosis in GBM cells under hypoxia. Moreover, ANKDD1A is highly frequently methylated in GBM. The tumor-specific methylation of ANKDD1A indicates that it could be used as a potential epigenetic biomarker as well as a possible therapeutic target

Research on proactive defense and dynamic repair of complex networks considering cascading effects

Abstract Cascading effects can result in the nonlinear propagation of failures in complex networks, ultimately leading to network collapse. Research on the fault propagation principles, defense strategies, and repair strategies can help mitigate the effects of cascading failures. Especially, proactive defense and dynamic repair are flexible and effective methods to ensure network security. Most studies on the cascade of complex networks are based on the unprocessed initial information of the network. However, marginal nodes are a type of node that cloaks the initial information of the network. In this study, we rank the importance of nodes according to the intensity of network energy confusion after the removal of this node, clarify the meaning of marginal nodes and proposed two methods to screen marginal nodes. The results indicated that the proactive removal of marginal nodes can effectively reduce the effect of cascading failures without causing any negative disturbance to the energy flow of the network. In addition, network repair according to the proposed strategy can minimize the cascade effect in the repair process and improve repair efficiency

Effects of over-expression of TLR2 in transgenic goats on pathogen clearance and role of up-regulation of lysozyme secretion and infiltration of inflammatory cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is important to host recognition of invading gram-positive microbes. In goats, these microbes can cause serious mastitis, anthrax, tetanus, and other problems. Transgenic goats constitutively over-expressing TLR2 in many tissues serve as a suitable model for the study of the role of TLR2 over-expression in bacterial clearance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>Capra hircus</it> TLR2 over-expression vector (p3S-LoxP-TLR2) was used to generate transgenic goats by egg microinjection. The integration efficiency was 8.57%. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical results confirmed that the goats over-expressing the TLR2 gene (Tg) expressed more TLR2 than wild-type goats (WT). Monocyte-macrophages from the bloodstreams of transgenic goats were stimulated with synthetic bacterial lipoprotein (Pam3CSK4) and by the promotion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 expression in vitro. The oxidative damage was significantly reduced, and lysozyme (LZM) secretion was found to be up-regulated. Ear tissue samples from transgenic goats that had been stimulated with Pam3CSK4 via hypodermic injection showed that transgenic individuals can undergo the inflammation response very quickly.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Over-expression of TLR2 was found to decrease radical damage to host cells through low-level production of NO and MDA and to promote the clearance of invasive bacteria by up-regulating lysozyme secretion and filtration of inflammatory cells to the infected site.</p

A cytoplasmic long noncoding RNA LINC00470 as a new AKT activator to mediate glioblastoma cell autophagy.

BackgroundDespite the overwhelming number of investigations on AKT, little is known about lncRNA on AKT regulation, especially in GBM cells.MethodsRNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay (RIP) and RNA pulldown were used to confirm the binding of LINC00470 and fused in sarcoma (FUS). Confocal imaging, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST pulldown assays were used to detect the interaction between FUS and AKT. EdU assay, CCK-8 assay, and intracranial xenograft assays were performed to demonstrate the effect of LINC00470 on the malignant phenotype of GBM cells. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to test the effect of LINC00470 on AKT and pAKT.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrated that LINC00470 was a positive regulator for AKT activation in GBM. LINC00470 bound to FUS and AKT to form a ternary complex, anchoring FUS in the cytoplasm to increase AKT activity. Higher pAKT activated by LINC00470 inhibited ubiquitination of HK1, which affected glycolysis, and inhibited cell autophagy. Furthermore, higher LINC00470 expression was associated with GBM tumorigenesis and poor patient prognosis.ConclusionsOur findings revealed a noncanonical AKT activation signaling pathway, i.e., LINC00470 directly interacts with FUS, serving as an AKT activator to promote GBM progression. LINC00470 has an important referential significance to evaluate the prognosis of patients

A cytoplasmic long noncoding RNA LINC00470 as a new AKT activator to mediate glioblastoma cell autophagy

Abstract Background Despite the overwhelming number of investigations on AKT, little is known about lncRNA on AKT regulation, especially in GBM cells. Methods RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay (RIP) and RNA pulldown were used to confirm the binding of LINC00470 and fused in sarcoma (FUS). Confocal imaging, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST pulldown assays were used to detect the interaction between FUS and AKT. EdU assay, CCK-8 assay, and intracranial xenograft assays were performed to demonstrate the effect of LINC00470 on the malignant phenotype of GBM cells. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to test the effect of LINC00470 on AKT and pAKT. Results In this study, we demonstrated that LINC00470 was a positive regulator for AKT activation in GBM. LINC00470 bound to FUS and AKT to form a ternary complex, anchoring FUS in the cytoplasm to increase AKT activity. Higher pAKT activated by LINC00470 inhibited ubiquitination of HK1, which affected glycolysis, and inhibited cell autophagy. Furthermore, higher LINC00470 expression was associated with GBM tumorigenesis and poor patient prognosis. Conclusions Our findings revealed a noncanonical AKT activation signaling pathway, i.e., LINC00470 directly interacts with FUS, serving as an AKT activator to promote GBM progression. LINC00470 has an important referential significance to evaluate the prognosis of patients