12 research outputs found
Discrimination of delays of reinforcement in aversive conditioning.
<p>(a) The protein level changes of CA125 and LRG1 were confirmed in the larger sample set 2. (b) Marker distributions for the EOC patients with different histological subtypes.</p
Analysis of Glycan Variation on Glycoproteins from Serum by the Reverse Lectin-Based ELISA Assay
Altered
glycosylation in glycoproteins is associated with carcinogenesis,
and certain glycan structures and glycoproteins are well-known markers
for tumor progression. To identify potential diagnostic candidate
markers, we have developed a novel method for analysis of glycosylation
changes of glycoproteins from crude serum samples using lectin-based
glycoprotein capture followed by detection with biotin/HRP-conjugated
antibodies. The amount of lectin coated on the microplate well was
optimized to achieve low background and improved S/N compared with
current lectin ELISA methods. In the presence of competing sugars
of lectin AAL or with sialic acid removed from the glycoproteins,
we confirmed that this method specifically detects glycosylation changes
of proteins rather than protein abundance variation. Using our reverse
lectin-based ELISA assay, increased fucosylated haptoglobin was observed
in sera of patients with ovarian cancer, while the protein level of
haptoglobin remained the same between cancers and noncases. The combination
of fucosylated haptoglobin and CA125 (AUC = 0.88) showed improved
performance for distinguishing stage-III ovarian cancer from noncases
compared with CA125 alone (AUC = 0.86). In differentiating early-stage
ovarian cancer from noncases, fucosylated haptoglobin showed comparable
performance to CA125. The combination of CA125 and fucosylated haptoglobin
resulted in an AUC of 0.855, which outperforms CA125 to distinguish
early-stage cancer from noncases. Our study provides an alternative
method to quantify glycosylation changes of proteins from serum samples,
which will be essential for biomarker discovery and validation studies
Mass-Selected Site-Specific Core-Fucosylation of Serum Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
A mass
spectrometry-based methodology has been developed to screen
for changes in site-specific core-fucosylation (CF) of serum proteins
in early stage HCC with different etiologies. The methods involve
depletion of high-abundance proteins, trypsin digestion of medium-to-low-abundance
proteins into peptides, iTRAQ labeling, and Lens culinaris Agglutinin (LCA) enrichment of CF peptides, followed by endoglycosidase
F3 digestion before mass spectrometry analysis. 1300 CF peptides from
613 CF proteins were identified from patients sera, where 20 CF peptides
were differentially expressed in alcohol (ALC)-related HCC samples
compared with ALC-related cirrhosis samples and 26 CF peptides changed
in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC samples compared with HCV-related
cirrhosis samples. Among these, we found three CF peptides from fibronectin
upregulated in ALC-related HCC samples compared with ALC-related cirrhosis
samples with an AUC (area under the curve) value of 0.89 at site 1007
with a specificity of 85.7% at a sensitivity of 92.9% (generated with
10-fold cross-validation). When combined with the AFP index, the AUC
value reached to 0.92 with a specificity of 92.9% at a sensitivity
of 100%, significantly improved compared to that with AFP alone (LR
test <i>p</i> < 0.001). In HCV-related samples, the CF
level of cadherin-5 at site 61 showed the best AUC value of 0.75 but
was not as promising as that of fibronectin site 1007 for ALC-related
samples. The CF peptides of fibronectin may serve as potential biomarkers
for early stage HCC screening in ALC-related cirrhosis patients
Quantitative Analysis of Single Amino Acid Variant Peptides Associated with Pancreatic Cancer in Serum by an Isobaric Labeling Quantitative Method
Single
amino acid variations are highly associated with many human
diseases. The direct detection of peptides containing single amino
acid variants (SAAVs) derived from nonsynonymous single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) in serum can provide unique opportunities for
SAAV associated biomarker discovery. In the present study, an isobaric
labeling quantitative strategy was applied to identify and quantify
variant peptides in serum samples of pancreatic cancer patients and
other benign controls. The largest number of SAAV peptides to date
in serum including 96 unique variant peptides were quantified in this
quantitative analysis, of which five variant peptides showed a statistically
significant difference between pancreatic cancer and other controls
(<i>p</i>-value < 0.05). Significant differences in the
variant peptide SDNCEDTPEAGYFA<i><u>V</u></i>AVVK from serotransferrin were detected between pancreatic cancer
and controls, which was further validated by selected reaction monitoring
(SRM) analysis. The novel biomarker panel obtained by combining α-1-antichymotrypsin
(AACT), Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) and this variant peptide showed an
excellent diagnostic performance in discriminating pancreatic cancer
from healthy controls (AUC = 0.98) and chronic pancreatitis (AUC =
0.90). These results suggest that large-scale analysis of SAAV peptides
in serum may provide a new direction for biomarker discovery research
Analysis of Serum Haptoglobin Fucosylation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis of Different Etiologies
We
have developed herein a quantitative mass spectrometry-based
approach to analyze the etiology-related alterations in fucosylation
degree of serum haptoglobin in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC). The three most common etiologies, including infection
with hepatitis B virus (HBV), infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV),
and heavy alcohol consumption (ALC), were investigated. Only 10 μL
of serum was used in this assay in which haptoglobin was immunoprecipitated
using a monoclonal antibody. The <i>N</i>-glycans of haptoglobin
were released with PNGase F, desialylated, and permethylated prior
to MALDI-QIT-TOF MS analysis. In total, <i>N</i>-glycan
profiles derived from 104 individual patient samples were quantified
(14 healthy controls, 40 cirrhosis, and 50 HCCs). A unique pattern
of bifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan, with both core and antennary
fucosylation, was identified in HCC patients. Quantitative analysis
indicated that the increased fucosylation degree was highly associated
with HBV- and ALC-related HCC patients compared to that of the corresponding
cirrhosis patients. Notably, the bifucosylation degree was distinctly
increased in HCC patients versus that in cirrhosis of all etiologies.
The elevated bifucosylation degree of haptoglobin can discriminate
early stage HCC patients from cirrhosis in each etiologic category,
which may be used to provide a potential marker for early detection
and to predict HCC in patients with cirrhosis
Validation of LRG1 as a Potential Biomarker for Detection of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by a Blinded Study
<div><p>Background</p><p>Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG1) was found to be differentially expressed in sera from patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of LRG1 for detection of EOC, including early stage EOC, and to evaluate if LRG1 can complement CA125 in order to improve EOC detection using two independent blinded sample sets.</p><p>Methods and Results</p><p>Serum LRG1 and CA125 were measured by immunoassays. All assays were performed blinded to clinical data. Using the two independent sample sets (156 participants for sample set 1, and 233 for sample set 2), LRG1 was differentially expressed in EOC cases as compared to healthy, surgical, and benign controls, and its performance was not affected by the conditions of blood collection. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for LRG1 in differentiating EOC cases from non-cases were 0.797 and 0.786 for sample set 1 and 2. For differentiating EOC cases from healthy controls, the AUC values for LRG1 were 0.792 and 0.794. At a fixed specificity of 95%, LRG1 detects 52%, and 53.5% of EOC cases from healthy controls for sample set 1 and 2. When combining LRG1 and CA125, the AUC value increased to 0.927, which was improved compared to CA125 (AUC=0.916) (<i>p</i>=0.008) alone in distinguishing EOC cases from non-cases. More importantly, LRG1 also showed potential performance in differentiating early stage EOC from non-cases with an AUC of 0.715 for sample set 1, and 0.690 for sample set 2. The combination of LRG1 and CA125 resulted in an AUC of 0.838, which outperforms CA125 (AUC=0.785) (<i>p</i>=0.018) in detecting early stage EOC cases from non-cases using the larger sample set.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>LRG1 could be a useful biomarker alone or in combination with CA125 for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.</p></div
ROC curves comparing marker concentrations in cases to non-cases for sample set 1.
<p>(a) ROC analyses for CA125 and LRG1 to differentiate EOC from non-cases. (b) ROC analyses for CA125 and LRG1 to differentiate early stage EOC from non-cases.</p
ROC curves comparing marker concentrations in cases to healthy controls for sample set 1.
<p>(a) ROC analyses for CA125 and LRG1 to differentiate EOC from healthy controls. (b) ROC analyses for CA125 and LRG1 to differentiate early stage EOC from healthy controls.</p
Multimarker panel analysis.
<p>The performance of multimarker panels in distinguishing EOC/ early stage EOC from non-cases using sample set 1and sample set 2.</p
Development of an Integrated Pipeline for Profiling Microbial Proteins from Mouse Fecal Samples by LC–MS/MS
Metaproteomics
is one approach to analyze the functional capacity
of the gut microbiome but is limited by the ability to evenly extract
proteins from diverse organisms within the gut. Herein, we have developed
a pipeline to optimize sample preparation of stool obtained from germ-free
(GF) mice that were gavaged a defined community of 11 bacterial strains
isolated from the human gut. With 64% more proteins identified, bead-beating
was confirmed to be an indispensable step for the extraction of bacterial
proteins, especially for Gram-positive bacteria. Bacterial enrichment
from mouse fecal samples was further optimized by evaluating three
different methods: (1) a high-speed differential centrifugation (HCE)
or (2) a low-speed differential centrifugation (LCE) and (3) a filter-aided
method (FA). The HCE method was associated with dramatic loss of bacteria
and 71% less recovery of bacterial proteins than the LCE method. Compared
with LCE, the FA method also showed dramatic loss of the amount of
bacteria recovered and decreased protein identifications from Gram-positive
bacteria in the stool samples. Ultimately, LCE may provide an alternative
and complementary method for enriching bacteria from small amounts
of mouse fecal samples, which could aid in investigating bacterial
function in health and disease