Photonic Crystal and Photonic Crystal Fibers Communications

The development of all optical communications could benefit from the index guiding photonic crystal fibers. In communication the photonic crystal fibers could provide many new solutions. Conventional optical fibers have within the last decades revolutionized the communications industry and it is today a mature technology being pushed to its limit with respect to properties such as losses, single mode operation and dispersion. The spectra have been used by others to develop optical frequency standards. The process can potentially be used for frequency conversion in fiber optic network. In this system the dispersive properties can be controlled by the optical lattice making it possible to achieve phase-matched four wave mixing, like look the process taking place in the photonic crystal fibers. In this paper we will discuss the use of photonic crystal fibers in communications

Recent status of the understanding of neutrino-nucleus cross section

In this work we have presented current understanding of neutrino-nucleon/nucleus cross sections in the few GeV energy region relevant for a precise determination of neutrino oscillation parameters and CP violation in the leptonic sector. In this energy region various processes like quasielastic and inelastic production of single and multipion production, coherent pion production, kaon, eta, hyperon production, associated particle production as well as deep inelastic scattering processes contribute to the neutrino event rates.Comment: 9-Pages, 4-figures, Talk given at DAE-HEP Symposium held at Delhi University, 12-16 December, 201

Unexplained Gaps and Oaxaca-Blinder Decompositions

We analyze four methods to measure unexplained gaps in mean outcomes: three decompositions based on the seminal work of Oaxaca (1973) and Blinder (1973) and an approach involving a seemingly naïve regression that includes a group indicator variable. Our analysis yields two principal findings. We show that the coefficient on a group indicator variable from an OLS regression is an attractive approach for obtaining a single measure of the unexplained gap. We also show that a commonly-used pooling decomposition systematically overstates the contribution of observable characteristics to mean outcome differences when compared to OLS regression, therefore understating unexplained differences. We then provide three empirical examples that explore the practical importance of our analytic results.discrimination, decompositions