Thomson backscattering in combined two laser and magnetic field

The Thomson backscattering of an electron moving in combined fields is studied by a dynamically assisted mechanism. The combined fields are composed of two co-propagating laser fields and a magnetic field, where the first laser field is strong and low-frequency while the second is weak and high-frequency, relatively. The dependence of fundamental frequency of emission on the ratio of incident laser high-to-low frequency is presented and the spectrum of backscattering is obtained. It is found that, with a magnetic field, the peak of the spectrum and the corresponding radiation frequency are significantly larger in case of two-laser than that in case of only one laser. They are also improved obviously as the frequency of the weak laser field. Another finding is the nonlinear correlation between the emission intensity of the backscattering and the intensity of the weak laser field. These results provide a new possibility to adjust and control the spectrum by changing the ratios of frequency and intensity of the two laser fields.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Novel, rosin‐based, hydrophobically modified cationic polyacrylamide for kaolin suspension flocculation

A novel, hydrophobically modified cationic polyacrylamide (HMPAM) was synthesized via the copolymerization of acrylamide, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC), and diallylmethyl dehydroabietic acid propyl ester ammonium bromide. Optimum conditions for preparing HMPAM were such that the amount of initiator was 0.075 wt % of the total monomer mass, the monomer concentration was 20 wt %, and the amount of DMDAAC was 18 mol % of the total monomer molar mass. HMPAM was characterized with an UV–visible spectrometer, 1H‐NMR, Ubbelohde viscometer, rotational viscometer, and rotational rheometer. HMPAM solutions exhibited strong hydrophobic associations, and the critical association concentration of the HMPAM aqueous solution was about 0.7 wt %; the HMPAM solutions also showed salt thickening and shear resistance. The surface morphologies of the freeze‐dried HMPAM samples (1 wt %) were also observed via scanning electron microscopy. Compared with unmodified cationic polyacrylamide, Synthesis of HMPAM‐0.5 exhibited a stronger flocculation capacity, and the optimal transmittance of the supernatants was above 95%. HMPAM‐0.5 showed significant flocculation performances for 3–4 and 3–5 wt % kaolin suspensions at 40 and 50 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the flocculation performance was enhanced with the addition of NaCl and CaCl2. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46637.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144283/1/app46637.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144283/2/app46637_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/144283/3/app46637-sup-0001-suppinfo1.pd

Krüppel-like factor 8 promotes aerobic glycolysis in prostate cancer cells by regulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Purpose: To investigate the effects of Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) in prostate cancer (PCa) cell viability and glycolysis, and explore its role as a regulatory factor.Methods: Immunoblot assays were conducted to assess the expression of KLF8 and proteins in AKT/mTOR pathway in PCa cell lines PC-3 and DU145. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were performed to assess the effect of KLF8 on PCa cell viability. The glycolysis capacity of PCa cells was determined by measuring the levels of glucose intake, lactic acid production, and cellular ATP levels.Results: Depletion of KLF8 decreased the survival of PCa cells in vitro (p < 0.05). KLF8 depletion also inhibited aerobic glucose metabolism in PCa cells (p < 0.05). Further studies confirmed that KLF8 contributed to the growth and glycolysis of PCa cells via the regulation of AKT/mTOR pathway.Conclusion: KLF8 regulates glycolysis in PCa cells by regulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and is thus a promising therapeutic target for PCa treatment. Keywords: Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8), Prostate cancer (PCa), Aerobic glucose, AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, Therapeutic targe

BIO regulates the ex vivo expansion and function of hematopoietic stem cells by inhibiting GSK-3β

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been applied in clinic settings for treating hematologic diseases, including leukemic disorders, immune deficiencies, and hemoglobinopathies. Umbilical cord blood(UCB) is an important source of HSCs. However, the low frequency of HSCs per unit of UCB remains a big hurdle to their wider applications. Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays important roles in the self-renewal of HSCs in vivo, but the roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on ex vivo expansion of HSCs remains controversial. GSK3β is the major regulator of Wnt pathway. Here, we evaluate the effects of 6-bromoindirubin-3’-oxime (BIO), a GSK3β inhibitor, on ex vivo expansion characteristics and regenerative potential of (UCB)-derived CD34+ cells. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF SURCHARGE ON THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF GEOCELL REINFORCED RETAINING WALL

Geocell reinforced retaining structure has been widely used in civil engineering for theprotection of slopes due to its advantages. In this paper, the effects of surcharge on the horizontaldisplacement of the wall back, the size of the sliding wedge and the factor of safety of geocellreinforced retaining wall are numerically analyzed by employing the geotechnical finite elementmethod software Plaxis. The research results show that, when the distance of surcharge from thewall face is small, the maximum and the minimum deformation of the wall back takes place nearthe top of the wall and the wall bottom respectively. After the distance of surcharge from the wallface exceeds about 13% of the wall height, the surcharge has little effect on the horizontaldeformation of the wall back, the size of the sliding wedge and the safety factor of geocellreinforced retaining wall. The horizontal deformation of the wall back gradually increases with theincrease of the length of the surcharge until it reaches a certain value. The effect of the length ofthe surcharge on the failure surface is not significant. Besides, the factor of safety of the wallgradually decreases with the increase of length of the surcharge. However, with the increase of thedistance of the surcharge from the wall face, the influence of the length of the surcharge on thesafety factor gradually becomes small. The study results can supplement theoretical basis for thedesign of geocell reinforced retaining walls in engineering practices