Certain Class of Analytic Functions Based on qq-difference operator

In this paper, we considered a generalized class of starlike functions defined by Kanas and R\u{a}ducanu\cite{10} to obtain integral means inequalities and subordination results. Further, we obtain the for various subclasses of starlike functions.Comment:

Microsatellite genotypes of Atrina pectinata

This files contains the microsatellite genotypes for all individuals of Atrina pectinata at 8 polymorphic microsatellite markers

Population Genetic Structure and Demographic History of <i>Atrina pectinata</i> Based on Mitochondrial DNA and Microsatellite Markers

<div><p>The pen shell, <i>Atrina pectinata</i>, is one of the commercial bivalves in East Asia and thought to be recently affected by anthropogenic pressure (habitat destruction and/or fishing pressure). Information on its population genetic structure is crucial for the conservation of <i>A. pectinata</i>. Considering its long pelagic larval duration and iteroparity with high fecundity, the genetic structure for <i>A. pectinata</i> could be expected to be weak at a fine scale. However, the unusual oceanography in the coasts of China and Korea suggests potential for restricted dispersal of pelagic larvae and geographical differentiation. In addition, environmental changes associated with Pleistocene sea level fluctuations on the East China Sea continental shelf may also have strongly influenced historical population demography and genetic diversity of marine organisms. Here, partial sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and seven microsatellite loci were used to estimate population genetic structure and demographic history of seven samples from Northern China coast and one sample from North Korea coast. Despite high levels of genetic diversity within samples, there was no genetic differentiation among samples from Northern China coast and low but significant genetic differentiation between some of the Chinese samples and the North Korean sample. A late Pleistocene population expansion, probably after the Last Glacial Maximum, was also demonstrated for <i>A. pectinata</i> samples. No recent genetic bottleneck was detected in any of the eight samples. We concluded that both historical recolonization (through population range expansion and demographic expansion in the late Pleistocene) and current gene flow (through larval dispersal) were responsible for the weak level of genetic structure detected in <i>A. pectinata</i>.</p></div

Minimum spanning tree showing genetic relationship among COI haplotypes in <i>A. pectinata</i>.

<p>Circles represent haplotypes with sizes proportional to their respective frequencies. The population origins of haplotypes are indicated by colors. Tick marks represent deduced numbers of nucleotide substitutions along each branch.</p

Demographic history of <i>A. pectinata</i> estimated using Bayesian skyline plots from COI sequences.

<p>The figure shows changes of <i>NeT</i> (<i>Ne</i> = effective population size; <i>T</i> = generation time) through time. Shown at the bottom of the figure on a separate axis are times under an alternative (10×faster) calibration rate for COI gene. Black lines represent median estimates of <i>NeT</i>; light lines are the upper and lower 95% highest posterior density (HPD) limits of <i>NeT</i>; and the vertical light dashed line represents the median estimates of time to most recent common ancestor (TMRCA). The upper 95% HPD on TMRCA is at the right of the plot, whereas the lower 95% HPD is the black dashed line to the left of median. The y-axis is plotted on a logarithmic scale.</p

Map of the studied area depicting sample locations and schematic map of mean currents.

<p>Populations are marked by abbreviations that correspond to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0095436#pone-0095436-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Analysis of a Single α‑Synuclein Fibrillation by the Interaction with a Protein Nanopore

The formation of an α-synuclein fibril is critical in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. The native unfolded α-synuclein monomer will translocate through an α-hemolysin nanopore by applied potential at physiological conditions in vitro. Applying a potential transformed α-synuclein into a partially folded intermediate, which was monitored by capture inside the vestibule of an α-hemolysin nanopore with a capture current of 20 ± 1.0 pA. The procedure involves the critical early stage of α-synuclein structural transformation. Further elongation of the intermediate produces a block current to 5 ± 0.5 pA. It is revealed that the early stage fibril of α-synuclein inside the nanopore is affected by intrapeptide electrostatic interaction. In addition, trehalose cleared the fibrillation by changing the surface hydrophobic interaction of A53T α-synuclein, which did not show any inhibition effect from WT α-synuclein. The results proved that the interpeptide hydrophobic interactions in the elongation of A53T α-synuclein protofilaments can be greatly weakened by trehalose. This suggests that trehalose inhibits the interpeptide interaction involved in protein secondary structure. The hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are associated with an increase in α-synuclein fibrillation propensity. This work provides unique insights into the earliest steps of the α-synuclein aggregation pathway and provides the potential basis for the development of drugs that can prevent α-synuclein aggregation at the initial stage

Signed rank Wilcoxon test of the mutation–drift equilibrium estimated for seven microsatellite loci in populations of <i>A. pectinata.</i>

<p>The infinite alleles model (IAM), a two-phase model (TPM90) for a 10% occurrence of multiple steps, and the stepwise mutation model (SMM).</p><p>Significant values (<i>P</i><0.05) is highlighted in bold.</p

Analysis of a Single α‑Synuclein Fibrillation by the Interaction with a Protein Nanopore

The formation of an α-synuclein fibril is critical in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. The native unfolded α-synuclein monomer will translocate through an α-hemolysin nanopore by applied potential at physiological conditions in vitro. Applying a potential transformed α-synuclein into a partially folded intermediate, which was monitored by capture inside the vestibule of an α-hemolysin nanopore with a capture current of 20 ± 1.0 pA. The procedure involves the critical early stage of α-synuclein structural transformation. Further elongation of the intermediate produces a block current to 5 ± 0.5 pA. It is revealed that the early stage fibril of α-synuclein inside the nanopore is affected by intrapeptide electrostatic interaction. In addition, trehalose cleared the fibrillation by changing the surface hydrophobic interaction of A53T α-synuclein, which did not show any inhibition effect from WT α-synuclein. The results proved that the interpeptide hydrophobic interactions in the elongation of A53T α-synuclein protofilaments can be greatly weakened by trehalose. This suggests that trehalose inhibits the interpeptide interaction involved in protein secondary structure. The hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are associated with an increase in α-synuclein fibrillation propensity. This work provides unique insights into the earliest steps of the α-synuclein aggregation pathway and provides the potential basis for the development of drugs that can prevent α-synuclein aggregation at the initial stage

Multidimensional scaling plots based on <i>F_ST</i> values (A) and <i>D_A</i> distance (B) between <i>A. pectinata</i> populations.

<p>Multidimensional scaling plots based on <i>F_ST</i> values (A) and <i>D_A</i> distance (B) between <i>A. pectinata</i> populations.</p