1-(2,4-Dinitro­phen­yl)-3,3-dinitro­azetidine

In the title compound, C9H7N5O8, the dihedral angle between the mean plane of the azetidine ring and that of the benzene ring is 26.1 (1)°; the planes of the two nitro groups of the azetidine ring are aligned at 88.7 (1)°

1-Benzoyl-3,3-dinitro­azetidine

In the title gem-dinitro­azetidine derivative, C10H9N3O5, the azetidine ring is almost planar, the maximum value of the endocyclic torsion angle being 0.92 (14)°. The gem-dinitro groups are mutually perpendicular and the dihedral angle between the azetidine and benzene rings is 46.70 (10)

Ventricular fibrillation induced by fever in structurally normal hearts

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a life-threatening arrhythmia that usually happens in patients with structural heart diseases. However, fever-induced ventricular fibrillation in structurally normal hearts was reported, and the four main diseases associated with these cases were Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, and non-cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we analyzed this phenomenon and its clinical characteristics

Galaxy Manifold: Characterizing and understanding galaxies with two parameters

We report the discovery of a two-dimensional Galaxy Manifold within the multi-dimensional luminosity space of local galaxies. The multi-dimensional luminosity space is constructed using 11 bands that span from far ultraviolet to near-infrared for redshift < 0.1 galaxies observed with GALEX, SDSS, and UKIDSS. The two latent parameters are sufficient to express 93.2% of the variance in the galaxy sample, suggesting that this Galaxy Manifold is one of the most efficient representations of galaxies. The transformation between the observed luminosities and the manifold parameters as an analytic mapping is provided. The manifold representation provides accurate (85%) morphological classifications with a simple linear boundary, and galaxy properties can be estimated with minimal scatter (0.12 dex and 0.04 dex for star formation rate and stellar mass, respectively) by calibrating with the two-dimensional manifold location. Under the assumption that the manifold expresses the possible parameter space of galaxies, the evolution on the manifold is considered. We find that constant and exponentially decreasing star formation histories form almost orthogonal modes of evolution on the manifold. Through these simple models, we understand that the two modes are closely related to gas content, which suggests the close relationship of the manifold to gas accretion. Without assuming a star formation history, a gas-regulated model reproduces an exponentially declining star formation history with a timescale of $\sim$1.2 Gyrs on the manifold. Lastly, the found manifold suggests a paradigm where galaxies are characterized by their mass/scale and specific SFR, which agrees with previous studies of dimensionality reduction.Comment: Submitted to MNRAS. 15 pages and 17 figures. All comments are welcom

GmWRKY16 Enhances Drought and Salt Tolerance Through an ABA-Mediated Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana

The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest families of TFs in plants and play multiple roles in plant development and stress response. In the present study, GmWRKY16 encoding a WRKY transcription factor in soybean was functionally characterized in Arabidopsis. GmWRKY16 is a nuclear protein that contains a highly conserved WRKY domain and a C2H2 zinc-finger structure, and has the characteristics of transcriptional activation ability, presenting a constitutive expression pattern with relative expression levels of over fourfold in the old leaves, flowers, seeds and roots of soybean. The results of quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that GmWRKY16 could be induced by salt, alkali, ABA, drought and PEG-6000. As compared with the control, overexpression of GmWRKY16 in Arabidopsis increased the seed germination rate and root growth of seedlings in transgenic lines under higher concentrations of mannitol, NaCl and ABA. In the meantime, GmWRKY16 transgenic lines showed over 75% survival rate after rehydration and enhanced Arabidopsis tolerance to salt and drought with higher proline and lower MDA accumulation, less water loss of the detached leaves, and accumulated more endogenous ABA than the control under stress conditions. Further studies showed that AtWRKY8, KIN1, and RD29A were induced in GmWRKY16 transgenic plants under NaCl treatment. The expressions of the ABA biosynthesis gene (NCED3), signaling genes (ABI1, ABI2, ABI4, and ABI5), responsive genes (RD29A, COR15A, COR15B, and RD22) and stress-related marker genes (KIN1, LEA14, LEA76, and CER3) were regulated in transgenic lines under drought stress. In summary, these results suggest that GmWRKY16 as a WRKY TF may promote tolerance to drought and salt stresses through an ABA-mediated pathway

Four new corticioid species in Trechisporales (Basidiomycota) from East Asia and notes on phylogeny of the order

Four new species in Trechisporales from East Asia, Dextrinocystis calamicola, Subulicystidium acerosum, S. tropicum and Tubulicium bambusicola, are described and illustrated, based on morphological and molecular evidence. The phylogeny of Trechisporales was inferred from a combined dataset of ITS-nrLSU sequences. In the phylogenetic tree, Sistotremastrum formed a family-level clade of its own, sister to the Hydnodontaceae clade formed by all other genera. Dextrinocystis, is for the first time, confirmed as a member of Hydnodontaceae. A key to all the accepted genera in Trechisporales is given

Parthenolide induces proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To explore the anti-tumor effects of parthenolide in human pancreatic cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>BxPC-3 cell, a human pancreatic cancer, was treated with parthenolide at different concentrations. The MTT assay was used to analyze cell viability. Flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation analysis were applied to evaluate apoptosis after parthenolide treatment. The wound closure and cell invasion assay were also employed in the study. Western blotting was used to demonstrate Bad, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-9 and pro-caspase-3 expression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The MTT assay indicated that the pancreatic cancer growth could be dose-dependently inhibited by parthenoolide. This phenomenon was confirmed by flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation analysis. The wound closure assay and cell invasion assay showed that BxPC-3 cell was significantly suppressed by parthenolide at 7.5 μM and 15 μM. Western Blotting demonstrated the Bcl-2 and pro-caspase-3 were down-regulated while the Bax and caspase-9 were up-regulated. No alteration in Bad expression was found after treatment.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The parthenolide can inhibit the cell growth, migration, and induce the apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer. These findings may provide a novel approach for pancreatic cancer treatment.</p

Control of Anticoagulation Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Warfarin:A Study from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry

Background: Several factors determine the efficacy of warfarin anticoagulation in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This study aimed to use data from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study to assess the control of anticoagulation therapy in Chinese patients with NVAF treated with warfarin. Material/Methods: From the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study the anticoagulant use and dosing, the time in therapeutic range (TTR) of the international normalized ratio (INR), and standard deviation of the observed INR values (SD INR), and their influencing factors were evaluated. Results: The median INR and SD INR were 2.04 (IQR 1.71–2.41) and 0.50 (IQR, 0.35–0.69), respectively. The median TTR was 51.7% (IQR, 30.6–70.1%) and only 25.1% had a TTR ≥70%. Age was ≥70 years (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55–0.94; P=0.015), bleeding history (OR 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23–0.89; P=0.029), the use of a single drug (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42–0.92; P=0.016), more than drug (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41–0.88; P=0.009), and lack of assessment of bleeding risk (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54–0.97; P=0.033) were associated with TTR &lt;70% (INR 2.0–3.0). Coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.52–0.90; P=0.007) and diabetes mellitus (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62–0.99; P=0.044) were associated with increased variability in INR (SD INR ≥0.5). Conclusions: In Chinese patients with NVAF, warfarin anticoagulation was associated with lower TTR and less stable anticoagulation than in current guidelines, and risk factors for reduced safety and efficacy were identified. </p