A study of Strategic Positioning of Chinese Central State-owned Enterprises in International Business Operations

徐传谌，吉林大学中国国有经济研究中心教授、博士生导师； 孔德海，吉林大学经济学院博士研究生。【中文摘要】中央企业是我国国民经济的骨干和中坚力量，是加快实施“走出去”战略、参与经济全球化的主力军，在国际化经营中发挥着不可替代的作用。中央企业既具有社会属性和公共属性， 又具有经济属性和企业属性。中央企业的跨国经营从对外经济技术援助开始，逐步发展形成了国 际化战略。中央企业国际化经营在主体、产业、区位和方式选择方面都具有独特的战略定位。 【Abstract】Chinese central state-owned enterprises (CSE) are the backbone and driving force of Chinese national economy. They have played an irreplaceable role in the internationalization of Chinese business operations since they have been pioneers in implementing the Going Global strategy and promoting economic globalization. Chinese CSEs are characterized by their social attributes and public attributes, as well as by their economic attributes and corporate attributes. Their international business operations evolved from initial economic and technological aids to foreign countries and have gradually resulted in their current Going Globed strategy. This paper argues that CSEs should have unique strategic positioning in various aspects, such as business entity, industry, and choice of locations and business models

Effects of composition on electrochemical properties of a non-precious metal catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction

A family of non-precious metal catalysts, Co-PPy-TsOH/C, has been synthesized with different amount of pyrrole and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH). Elemental contents of Co, N, C, S, H and O in the obtained catalysts have been measured with physicochemical techniques and the performance of these catalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been evaluated with electrochemical techniques. Then, the results obtained have been discussed with principal component analysis and linear correlation analysis to find the correlation/anticorrelation between the composition and electrochemical properties. It is revealed that the used amount of pyrrole has much more apparent effect than TsOH on elemental contents in the Co-PPy-TsOH/C catalysts, while both of them influence the ORR activity and mechanism of the catalysts. Besides, the effects of the contents of each element on the electrochemical performance have also been analyzed to guide the future development of similar catalysts. ? 2013 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Chemical constituents and their bioactivities from the fruits of Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia

Phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia led to the isolation of 22 compounds (1-22). Their structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the literature data. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were two new artificial lignans. Primary bioassay showed that the polymethoxyflavones 9-12 displayed moderate-to-weak cytotoxicity against human HepG2 and rat C6 cell lines, while the triterpenoids 13-17 exhibited significant brine shrimp lethality with LC50 values of 7.5-29.4 mu M

Identification of a Gene-Related Risk Signature in Melanoma Patients Using Bioinformatic Profiling

Introduction. Gene signature has been used to predict prognosis in melanoma patients. Meanwhile, the efficacy of immunotherapy was correlated with particular genes expression or mutation. In this study, we systematically explored the gene expression pattern in the melanoma-immune microenvironment and its relationship with prognosis. Methods. A cohort of 122 melanoma cases with whole-genome microarray expression data were enrolled from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The findings were validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A principal component analysis (PCA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and gene oncology (GO) analysis were performed to explore the bioinformatic implications. Results. Different gene expression patterns were identified according to the clinical stage. All eligible gene sets were analyzed, and the 8 genes (GPR87, KIT, SH3GL3, PVRL1, ATP1B1, CDAN1, FAU, and TNFSF14) with the greatest prognostic impact on melanoma. A gene-related risk signature was developed to distinguish patients with a high or low risk of an unfavorable outcome, and this signature was validated using the TCGA database. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of the signature between the classified subgroups was verified as an independent prognostic predictor of melanoma. Additionally, the low-risk melanoma patients presented an enhanced immune phenotype compared to that of the high-risk gene signature patients. Conclusions. The gene pattern differences in melanoma were profiled, and a gene signature that could independently predict melanoma patients with a high risk of poor survival was established, highlighting the relationship between prognosis and the local immune response

Flavonoids from the halophyte <i>Apocynum venetum</i> and their antifouling activities against marine biofilm-derived bacteria

<div><p>Eleven flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of the halophyte <i>Apocynum venetum</i>. Among them, the isolation of plumbocatechin A (<b>1</b>), 8-<i>O</i>-methylretusin (<b>2</b>) and kaempferol 3-<i>O</i>-(6″-<i>O</i>-acetyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside (<b>7</b>) was reported for the first time from this plant. Their structures were identified by using spectral methods, including 2D NMR experiments, and confirmed by comparing with the literature data. In addition, the antifouling activities of these compounds against the marine fouling bacteria, <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>, <i>Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, have been evaluated in this article.</p></div