Технологические решения для строительства разведочной вертикальной скважины глубиной 2520 метров на нефтегазовом месторождении (Красноярский край)

Объектом исследования является нефтегазовом месторождение Красноярского края. Цель работы - проектирование технологических процессов бурения и заканчивания скважины. В процессе работы был составлен технологический проект на строительство разведочной вертикальной скважины глубиной 2520 метров на нефтегазовом месторождении Красноярского края. В результате исследования были спроектированы технологические решения строительство скважины. Описаны конструктивные, технологические и технеко - экономические показатели.The object of study is the oil and gas condensate field of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The purpose of the work is the design of technological processes for drilling and well completion. In the process, a technological project was drawn up for the construction of an exploratory vertical well with a depth of 2520 meters at the oil and gas condensate field in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. As a result of the study, technological solutions for well construction were designed. The constructive, technological and techno-economic indicators are described

Impact of the B Cell Growth Factor APRIL on the Qualitative and Immunological Characteristics of Atherosclerotic Plaques.

Studies on the role of B lymphocytes in atherosclerosis development, have yielded contradictory results. Whereas B lymphocyte-deficiency aggravates atherosclerosis in mice; depletion of mature B lymphocytes reduces atherosclerosis. These observations led to the notion that distinct B lymphocyte subsets have different roles. B1a lymphocytes exert an atheroprotective effect, which has been attributed to secretion of IgM, which can be deposited in atherosclerotic lesions thereby reducing necrotic core formation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family member 'A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand' (APRIL, also known as TNFSF13) was previously shown to increase serum IgM levels in a murine model. In this study, we investigated the effect of APRIL overexpression on advanced lesion formation and composition, IgM production and B cell phenotype. We crossed APRIL transgenic (APRIL-Tg) mice with ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. After a 12-week Western Type Diet, ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice and ApoE-/- littermates showed similar increases in body weight and lipid levels. Histologic evaluation showed no differences in lesion size, stage or necrotic area. However, smooth muscle cell (α-actin stain) content was increased in ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice, implying more stable lesions. In addition, increases in both plaque IgM deposition and plasma IgM levels were found in ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice compared with ApoE-/- mice. Flow cytometry revealed a concomitant increase in peritoneal B1a lymphocytes in ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice. This study shows that ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice have increased oxLDL-specific serum IgM levels, potentially mediated via an increase in B1a lymphocytes. Although no differences in lesion size were found, transgenic ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice do show potential plaque stabilizing features in advanced atherosclerotic lesions

Lesion size and stage of ApoE^-/- and ApoE^-/-APRIL-Tg mice.

<p>After 12 weeks of WTD lesion size (A) was quantified and lesion stage (B) was determined in the aortic roots of ApoE^-/- (n = 13) and ApoE^-/-APRIL-Tg mice (n = 10). Representative photomicrographs are shown with original magnification x25. Data are represented as mean±SEM; Scale bars represent 1mm.</p

Immunoglobulins of ApoE^-/- and ApoE^-/-APRIL-Tg mice.

<p>After 12 weeks WTD both plasma IgM (A) and IgG (B) were measured. In ApoE^-/- (n = 13) and ApoE^-/-APRIL-Tg mice (n = 10) IgG deposition was quantified as a % of total lesion size (C). Specific antibodies to copper-oxidized (CuOx) or malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified LDL (quantified as relative light units (RLU)) were determined for both IgM (<b>D</b>) and IgG (<b>E</b>) before start of the WTD and at harvest (after 12 weeks WTD). F, percentage of CD19⁺ cells, as well as the percentages of each subset are shown. Data are represented as mean±SEM; **p<0.01 ***p<0.001.</p

Peritoneal B cell subsets of ApoE^-/- and ApoE^-/-APRIL-Tg mice.

<p>Peritoneal B cell subsets were quantified by FACS analysis after 12 weeks of WTD in ApoE^-/- (n = 13) and ApoE^-/-APRIL-Tg mice (n = 10). The cells were gated (A) for Lymphocytes in the FSC/SSC plot and B cells were selected on the basis of CD19 positivity. Subsets were identified as follows: CD5⁺CD11b⁺B1a cells, CD5^-CD11b⁺ B1b cells, and CD5^-CD11b- B2 cells. The percentages (B) and concentration (C) of CD19⁺ cells, as well as for each B cell subset are shown. Data are represented as mean±SEM; *p<0.05 **p<0.01 ***p<0.001.</p