1,358 research outputs found
Polarons in highly doped atomically thin graphitic materials
Polaron spectral functions are computed for highly doped
graphene-on-substrate and other atomically thin graphitic systems using the
diagrammatic Monte Carlo technique. The specific aim is to investigate the
effects of interaction on spectral functions when the symmetry between
sub-lattices of a honeycomb lattice has been broken by the substrate or
ionicity, inducing a band gap. Introduction of electron-phonon coupling leads
to several polaronic features, such as band-flattening and changes in particle
lifetimes. At the K point, differences between energies on each sub-lattice
increase with electron-phonon coupling, indicating an augmented transport gap,
while the spectral gap decreases slightly. Effects of phonon dispersion and
long-range interactions are investigated, and found to lead to only
quantitative changes in spectra
Breakdown of Migdal--Eliashberg theory via catastrophic vertex divergence at low phonon frequency
We investigate the applicability of Migdal--Eliashberg (ME) theory by
revisiting Migdal's analysis within the dynamical mean-field theory framework.
First, we compute spectral functions, the quasi-particle weight, the self
energy, renormalised phonon frequency and resistivity curves of the half-filled
Holstein model. We demonstrate how ME theory has a phase-transition-like
instability at intermediate coupling, and how the Engelsberg--Schrieffer (ES)
picture is complicated by low-energy excitations from higher order diagrams
(demonstrating that ES theory is a very weak coupling approach). Through
consideration of the lowest-order vertex correction, we analyse the
applicability of ME theory close to this transition. We find a breakdown of the
theory in the intermediate coupling adiabatic limit due to a divergence in the
vertex function. The region of applicability is mapped out, and it is found
that ME theory is only reliable in the weak coupling adiabatic limit, raising
questions about the accuracy of recent analyses of cuprate superconductors
which do not include vertex corrections.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Low
Temperature Physic
Quantum simulation of electron-phonon interactions in strongly deformable materials
We propose an approach for quantum simulation of electron-phonon interactions
using Rydberg states of cold atoms and ions. We show how systems of cold atoms
and ions can be mapped onto electron-phonon systems of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger
type. We discuss how properties of the simulated Hamiltonian can be tuned and
how to read physically relevant properties from the simulator. In particular,
use of painted spot potentials offers a high level of tunability, enabling all
physically relevant regimes of the electron-phonon Hamiltonian to be accessed.Comment: To appear in New Journal of Physic
Superlight small bipolarons
Recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has identified that
a finite-range Fr\"ohlich electron-phonon interaction (EPI) with c-axis
polarized optical phonons is important in cuprate superconductors, in agreement
with an earlier proposal by Alexandrov and Kornilovitch. The estimated
unscreened EPI is so strong that it could easily transform doped holes into
mobile lattice bipolarons in narrow-band Mott insulators such as cuprates.
Applying a continuous-time quantum Monte-Carlo algorithm (CTQMC) we compute the
total energy, effective mass, pair radius, number of phonons and isotope
exponent of lattice bipolarons in the region of parameters where any
approximation might fail taking into account the Coulomb repulsion and the
finite-range EPI. The effects of modifying the interaction range and different
lattice geometries are discussed with regards to analytical
strong-coupling/non-adiabatic results. We demonstrate that bipolarons can be
simultaneously small and light, provided suitable conditions on the
electron-phonon and electron-electron interaction are satisfied. Such light
small bipolarons are a necessary precursor to high-temperature Bose-Einstein
condensation in solids. The light bipolaron mass is shown to be universal in
systems made of triangular plaquettes, due to a novel crab-like motion. Another
surprising result is that the triplet-singlet exchange energy is of the first
order in the hopping integral and triplet bipolarons are heavier than singlets
in certain lattice structures at variance with intuitive expectations. Finally,
we identify a range of lattices where superlight small bipolarons may be
formed, and give estimates for their masses in the anti-adiabatic
approximation.Comment: 31 pages. To appear in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, Special Issue
'Mott's Physics
Effects of lattice geometry and interaction range on polaron dynamics
We study the effects of lattice type on polaron dynamics using a
continuous-time quantum Monte-Carlo approach. Holstein and screened Froehlich
polarons are simulated on a number of different Bravais lattices. The effective
mass, isotope coefficients, ground state energy and energy spectra, phonon
numbers, and density of states are calculated. In addition, the results are
compared with weak and strong coupling perturbation theory. For the Holstein
polaron, it is found that the crossover between weak and strong coupling
results becomes sharper as the coordination number is increased. In higher
dimensions, polarons are much less mobile at strong coupling, with more phonons
contributing to the polaron. The total energy decreases monotonically with
coupling. Spectral properties of the polaron depend on the lattice type
considered, with the dimensionality contributing to the shape and the
coordination number to the bandwidth. As the range of the electron-phonon
interaction is increased, the coordination number becomes less important, with
the dimensionality taking the leading role.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figure
Statistical physics of cerebral embolization leading to stroke
We discuss the physics of embolic stroke using a minimal model of emboli
moving through the cerebral arteries. Our model of the blood flow network
consists of a bifurcating tree, into which we introduce particles (emboli) that
halt flow on reaching a node of similar size. Flow is weighted away from
blocked arteries, inducing an effective interaction between emboli. We justify
the form of the flow weighting using a steady flow (Poiseuille) analysis and a
more complicated nonlinear analysis. We discuss free flowing and heavily
congested limits and examine the transition from free flow to congestion using
numerics. The correlation time is found to increase significantly at a critical
value, and a finite size scaling is carried out. An order parameter for
non-equilibrium critical behavior is identified as the overlap of blockages'
flow shadows. Our work shows embolic stroke to be a feature of the cerebral
blood flow network on the verge of a phase transition.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. Major rewrite including improved justification
of the model and a finite size scalin
Extending the theory of phonon-mediated superconductivity in quasi-2D
I present results from an extended Migdal-Eliashberg theory of electron-phonon interactions and superconductivity. The history of the electron-phonon problem is introduced, and then study of the intermediate parameter regime is justified from the energy scales in the cuprate superconductors. The Holstein model is detailed, and limiting cases are examined to demonstrate the need for an extended theory of superconductivity. Results of the extended approximation are shown, including spectral functions and phase diagrams. These are discussed with reference to Hohenberg's theorem, the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory and Coulomb repulsion
<i>d</i>-wave superconductivity from electron-phonon interactions
I examine electron-phonon mediated superconductivity in the intermediate coupling and phonon frequency regime of the quasi-two-dimensional Holstein model. I use an extended Migdal-Eliashberg theory that includes vertex corrections and spatial fluctuations. I find a d-wave superconducting state that is unique close to half filling. The order parameter undergoes a transition to s-wave superconductivity on increasing filling. I explain how the inclusion of both vertex corrections and spatial fluctuations is essential for the prediction of a d-wave order parameter. I then discuss the effects of a large Coulomb pseudopotential on the superconductivity (such as is found in contemporary superconducting materials like the cuprates), which results in the destruction of the s-wave states, while leaving the d-wave states unmodified
Pro-poor growth: the evidence beyond income.
It is widely agreed that economic growth is necessary for reducing poverty. It is also well-established that poverty is multi-dimensional and not fully explained by income levels alone. Therefore, this paper attempts to fill a relative gap in the pro-poor growth literature by examining the impact of income growth on non-income poverty, particularly child mortality. The results confirm that although changes in per capita income matter for non-income poverty outcomes, they may not matter as much as for income poverty or as much as other factors, particularly in low-income countries. For developing countries, we find that a 1 per cent increase in income per capita is associated with a 0.3 per cent decline in the child mortality rate, declining to just a 0.1 per cent reduction for Sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast, a country‟s level of literacy appears to have a larger impact on non-income poverty with a 1 per cent decline in illiteracy associated with as much as a 0.5 per cent decline in child mortality in low-income countries. Our results suggest that pro-poor growth policies must be more sensitive to the constraints that exist in poorer countries that reduce the impact of economic growth on poverty
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