Application of Electrical Resistivity Method in Quantitative Assessment of Groundwater Reserve of Unconfined Aquifer

The thesis describes the application of the electrical resistivity method in groundwater exploration carried out at Bukit Jalil-Serdang area, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Electrical Resistivity Imaging surveys have been conducted in order to locate, delineate subsurface water resources and estimate its reserve. A Wenner electrode configuration was employed. The field survey was conducted along thirteen profiles providing continuous coverage. Color-modulated sections of resistivity versus depth were plotted for all lines, giving an approximate image of the subsurface structure. The field survey was accompanied by a laboratory work. Resistivity of rock and soil samples taken from the field was measured and the resistivity formation factors were obtained. The porosity of the same sample was calculated. A relationship between the porosity and the formation factor has been established. The laboratory established relationship was applied to the data obtained in the field to calculate the porosity values of the formation present within the investigated area. The porosity values were contoured and plotted. Depth to the bedrock for each line was obtained. A 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional representation of the subsurface topography of the area was prepared using a commercial computer software. The use of the software also enabled the computation of groundwater reserve within the investigated area. The results showed that the layer associated with the aquifer has resistivities between 20 Q.m and 150 Q.m and is located at a depth varying from 5 to 20m. The layer has porosity between 18% and 35%. The results obtained from the electrical resistivity profiles indicate that the aquifer occupies a surface area of about 15977900 m² and has a mean depth of 13m, with net volume of 204610000 m³. The average aquifer porosity is 30%. Therefore, a usable capacity of about 61,383,000 ± 6,752,130 m³ can be inferred

Factors affecting nitrogen mineralization and nitrate reduction in soils

A study of N mineralization in soil columns (soil-sand mixture) incubated at 15, 25, or 35(DEGREES)C with intermittent leaching (to remove the mineral N produced) with 0.01 M CaCl(,2) for a total period of 30 weeks showed that the cumulative amounts of N mineralized in field-moist and air-dried soils treated with, or not treated with, minus-N nutrient solution after leaching were generally linearly related with time of incubation at 15 and 25(DEGREES)C in the 10 soils studied. This relationship was not consistent at 35(DEGREES)C; it was linear for most soils, and curvilinear for others. The rate of N mineralization increased as the incubation temperature increased and was not affected by addition of minus-N nutrient solution to soil column after every leaching. Expressed as percentage of organic N, the cumulative N mineralized in the 10 soils studied was 1-2% at 15(DEGREES)C, 2-5% at 25(DEGREES)C, and 6-10% at 35(DEGREES)C. Although there was no general trend in Q(,10) values for N mineralization in air-dried and field-moist soils at 25 and 35(DEGREES)C, Q(,10) values were always higher at 25(DEGREES)C (\u3e 2) than at 35(DEGREES)C (2 or \u3c 2);The rates of N mineralization under aerobic conditions in air-dried soils at 35(DEGREES)C were significantly correlated with amidase, glutaminase, and asparaginase activities but not with protease activity;The amounts of N mineralized under waterlogged conditions during 14 days at 30(DEGREES)C were highly significantly correlated with amidase, glutaminase and asparaginase activities in soils and also with N mineralization under aerobic conditions, especially at 25 and 35(DEGREES)C;A simple method was developed for assay of nitrate reductase in soils. It involves determination of the NO(,2)(\u27-)-N produced when soil, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), and KNO(,3) are incubated under waterlogged conditions. At a certain concentration, depending on soil type, DNP inhibited nitrite reductase but not nitrate reductase. Maximum amount of NO(,2)(\u27-)-N was produced at 5 mM NO(,3)(\u27-)-N, and nitrate reductase was inhibited by high concentrations of NO(,3)(\u27-) (substrate). The relationship between time of incubation and amount of NO(,2)(\u27-)-N produced showed lag phases of 10 hours at the early stages of NO(,2)(\u27-)-N production with some soils, but generally, after the lag phase, the relationship was about linear for a certain length of incubation time, which varied among the soils used;The lag phases obtained were not completely eliminated by either preincubation or N(,2) bubbling to deplete the oxygen in the soil-water mixture before addition of NO(,3)(\u27-). Nitrate reductase is soils was inactivated at 40(DEGREES)C and was completely destroyed on autoclaving (121(DEGREES)C for 2 hours). The relationship between the amount of soil used and NO(,2)(\u27-)-N produced was linear unless the substrate became limiting to the reaction rate. Kinetic studies showed that, for 2 of the 3 soils studied, the K(,m) values were 2.9 and 3.7 mM and the V(,max) values were 122 and 126 (mu)g NO(,2)(\u27-)-N produced/g soil/24 hours. The third soil, however, showed significantly higher K(,m) (33.3 mM) and V(,max) (962 (mu)g NO(,2)(\u27-)-N produced/g soil/24 hours) values

Direct design of reinforced concrete slabs: a study of the ultimate and serviceability behaviour of R.C. slabs and slap-beam systems designed using elastic stress fields

Summary available: p. iii-iv

Foot Shape Determinant Factors for Sudanese Individuals in Khartoum State

This study was conducted to identifythe Sudanese foot shape and anatomy as it is necessary in the field of foot wear industry and to study the determinant factors affecting the shape of Sudanese foot for citizensdwelling in Khartoum state.The study was conductedthrough a questionnaire investigating a sample of 480 individuals from medical cadres operating in medical and health institutions in Khartoum state. The questionnaire addressed most effective determinant factors on the shape of Sudanese feet from Sudanese land vastness, land topography, work, diet and genetic factors.Then the acquired data were subjected to analysis using The Statistical Package for Social Science application program (SPSS). SPSS showed that the land topography is the most effective determinant factor on the shape of Sudanese feet when it is compared with diet and work factors. The work factor is more effective than diet factor. Whereas the genetic factor is the most effective factor on the shape of Sudanese feet when it is compared with land topography, diet and work factors. Generally, it was found that the genetic and land topography are more effective than other factors on determination of Sudanese foot shap

The Impact of Task-Based Approach on EFL Learner’s Performance

The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which task-based instruction affecting EFL learners’ performance. This paper covers the impact of task approach on EFL learners’ performance. It shades light on the relevant literature reviewed and studies on TBLT. At the same time, the speaking skill and speaking sub-skills are introduced as a base for teaching and developing speaking activities. On the other hand, the paper reflects on implementing task-based instruction and the principles for implementation by drawing a framework for implementation, and factors affecting implementation of TBI. On the above findings, the researcher recommends that teaching instruction should be given more attention in EFL classes in the light of using task-based approach. Also the researcher suggests that further research is needed to explore more in the effectiveness of task-based programs on EFL learner’s performance as well as its fluency

Examining the Effectiveness of In-Service English Language Teacher Training in Khartoum State/Sudan 2011/2012

This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of in-service English language teacher training in Khartoum state: A case study of in-service teacher training programme “English for Teaching 1” (EfT1) provided by the British Council (2011-2012). The Researchers adopted the descriptive analytical method to analyze the collected data. The tool used to collect data was a questionnaire which was analyzed with the Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS). All the Hypotheses of the study were verified to be true and according to the analysis of the questionnaire. The study has come up with the following findings: Teacher training programme English for Teaching (1) (EfT(1)) has a positive impact on developing teaching process, the components of the programme satisfy the training needs of the English language teachers in Khartoum State, and the trainees who attended the programme have a positive attitude and opinions towards the programme. The study has been included with some recommendations that reflect the importance of in-service teacher training for Sudanese English language teachers and the effectiveness of partnership between national and international educational institutions in this field

The Deep Meaning of Symbolism Significance in Men in the Sun

The novel of MEN IN THE SUN by Ghassan Kanafani reflects the Palestinian cause, the 1948 catastrophe and its impact on the Palestinian people through Palestinian men of different generations who tell their story in a wonderful symbolic way. The novelist reflected the issue through the characters, as each character in the novel symbolizes a certain personality of his people. The story is the story of three men who decide to emigrate from Palestine to Kuwait illegally for their desire to improve their living conditions. The novel ends with the death of the three men suffocating for fear of beating the walls of the tank. This study is an attempt to examine the symbolism in Men in the Sun and its significance and the deep meaning behind the literal meaning of these symbols. The study tries to examine the basic symbol of the story "the walls of the tank are not pounded", as these three men die suffocating in the tank, without any of them daring to knock the walls of the tank for help. The symbolism of the non-knocking of the walls indicates the legitimate cry of the Palestinian people conflict, who have suffered from displacement. Other symbols in the novel are also analyzed to show how the writer used them for artistic  and political purposes

A kereskedelmi hitel néhány problémája

A magyar gazdaságban gyakran előfordul, hogy egy vállalat ellen annak ellenére indítanak csődeljárást, hogy a vállalat valójában nyereséges. Ennek oka sokszor a kereskedelmi hitel hiányával, vagy szerepének nem megfelelő figyelembevételével magyarázható. Jelen tanulmány fel kívánja hívni a figyelmet a kereskedelmi hitelezés néhány valós problémájára