LSST Science Book, Version 2.0

A survey that can cover the sky in optical bands over wide fields to faint magnitudes with a fast cadence will enable many of the exciting science opportunities of the next decade. The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will have an effective aperture of 6.7 meters and an imaging camera with field of view of 9.6 deg^2, and will be devoted to a ten-year imaging survey over 20,000 deg^2 south of +15 deg. Each pointing will be imaged 2000 times with fifteen second exposures in six broad bands from 0.35 to 1.1 microns, to a total point-source depth of r~27.5. The LSST Science Book describes the basic parameters of the LSST hardware, software, and observing plans. The book discusses educational and outreach opportunities, then goes on to describe a broad range of science that LSST will revolutionize: mapping the inner and outer Solar System, stellar populations in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, the structure of the Milky Way disk and halo and other objects in the Local Volume, transient and variable objects both at low and high redshift, and the properties of normal and active galaxies at low and high redshift. It then turns to far-field cosmological topics, exploring properties of supernovae to z~1, strong and weak lensing, the large-scale distribution of galaxies and baryon oscillations, and how these different probes may be combined to constrain cosmological models and the physics of dark energy.Comment: 596 pages. Also available at full resolution at http://www.lsst.org/lsst/sciboo

ACE Observations of the Bastille Day 2000 Interplanetary Disturbances

We present ACE observations for the six-day period encompassing the Bastille Day 2000 solar activity. A high level of transient activity at 1 AU, including ICME-driven shocks, magnetic clouds, shock-accelerated energetic particle populations, and solar energetic ions and electrons, are described. We present thermal ion composition signatures for ICMEs and magnetic clouds from which we derive electron temperatures at the source of the disturbances and we describe additional enhancements in some ion species that are clearly related to the transient source. We describe shock acceleration of 0.3–2.0 MeV nucl −1 protons and minor ions and the relative inability of some of the shocks to accelerate significant energetic ion populations near 1 AU. We report the characteristics of < 20 MeV nucl −1 solar energetic ions and < 0.32 MeV electrons and attempt to relate the release of energetic electrons to particular source regions.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43716/1/11207_2004_Article_380058.pd

Queer Feelings: Love and Loss in the Letters of Horace Walpole

This essay looks at the letters of Horace Walpole through the lens of the contemporary performance theory of José Muñoz in order to suggest the ways in which Walpole’s feelings in the past reach us with a hope for the future. By looking at touchstones in Horace Walpole’s life, I look for a model of queer relationality that is centuries ahead of its time

Coupled substitution of H and minor elements in rutile and the implications of high OH contents in Nb- and Cr-rich rutile from the upper mantle

Infrared absorption spectra of rutile crystals from a variety of geological environments (carbonatite, hydrothermal vein, kyanite + rutile + lazulite association, xenoliths that are kimberlite hosted and dominated by Nb- and Cr-rich rutile) exhibit strong absorption in the 3300-cm^(-1) region due to interstitial protons bonded to structure O. In general the proton is located at sites slightly displaced from 1/21/20 of the unit cell, although some samples show evidence of additional protons at tetrahedral interstitial sites. H contents of rutile range up to 0.8 wt% H_2O, the highest concentrations occurring in mantle-derived Nb- and Cr-rich rutile of metasomatic origin. The role of H in rutile was examined, particularly with respect to its relations to other impurities. Protons are present in the rutile structure to compensate for trivalent substitutional cations (Cr Fe V AI) which are only partly compensated by pentavalent ions (Nb, Ta). The possibility of using the H content of rutile as a geohygrometer is illustrated for the case of coexisting hematite and rutile