Soluble field theory with a massless gauge invariant limit

It is shown that there exists a soluble four parameter model in (1+1) dimensions all of whose propagators can be determined in terms of the corresponding known propagators of the vector coupling theory. Unlike the latter case, however, the limit of zero bare mass is nonsingular and yields a nontrivial theory with a rigorously unbroken gauge invariance.Comment: 7 pages, revtex, no figure

Unification of the Soluble Two-dimensional vector coupling models

The general theory of a massless fermion coupled to a massive vector meson in two dimensions is formulated and solved to obtain the complete set of Green's functions. Both vector and axial vector couplings are included. In addition to the boson mass and the two coupling constants, a coefficient which denotes a particular current definition is required for a unique specification of the model. The resulting four parameter theory and its solution are shown to reduce in appropriate limits to all the known soluble models, including in particular the Schwinger model and its axial vector variant.Comment: 10 page

Bilateral Differentiation of Color and Morphology in the Larval and Pupal Stages of \u3ci\u3ePapilio Glaucus\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

A sharply delineated, bilateral differentiation of color patterns and morphology were observed in a final (5th) instar larva of a subspecies backcross of a female Papilio glaucus glaucus with a hybrid male (P. g. glaucus x P. g. canadensis). Color and morphological differences were detectable in the pupa as well. In addition, a bilateral size difference was evident in both the pupa and the resulting adult butterfly. Such observations within a single living individual attest to the bilateral independence (also evident in perfect gynandromorphs) and general flexibility of the developmental control in this species of Lepidoptera

The quantitative measure and statistical distribution of fame

Fame and celebrity play an ever-increasing role in our culture. However, despite the cultural and economic importance of fame and its gradations, there exists no consensus method for quantifying the fame of an individual, or of comparing that of two individuals. We argue that, even if fame is difficult to measure with precision, one may develop useful metrics for fame that correlate well with intuition and that remain reasonably stable over time. Using datasets of recently deceased individuals who were highly renowned, we have evaluated several internet-based methods for quantifying fame. We find that some widely-used internet-derived metrics, such as search engine results, correlate poorly with human subject judgments of fame. However other metrics exist that agree well with human judgments and appear to offer workable, easily accessible measures of fame. Using such a metric we perform a preliminary investigation of the statistical distribution of fame, which has some of the power law character seen in other natural and social phenomena such as landslides and market crashes. In order to demonstrate how such findings can generate quantitative insight into celebrity culture, we assess some folk ideas regarding the frequency distribution and apparent clustering of celebrity deaths.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

The Colorado/Missouri 1989 cirrus mini IFO

A series of experiments with aircraft were planned for Nov. and Dec. 1989 to study cirrus ice crystal nucleation mechanisms and to test new aircraft instrumentation. The measurements were conducted using the NCAR Sabreliner and King Air. Sampling was conducted near Boulder, Colorado, in lenticular (mountain wave) clouds, and over Missouri in cirrus generating cells. Field samples of aerosol and ice crystal replicas and melt water from these cirrus clouds were collected and studied. Aircraft instrumentation and sampling techniques are discussed

Perturbative Expansion in the Galilean Invariant Spin One-Half Chern-Simons Field Theory

A Galilean Chern-Simons field theory is formulated for the case of two interacting spin-1/2 fields of distinct masses M and M'. A method for the construction of states containing N particles of mass M and N' particles of mass M' is given which is subsequently used to display equivalence to the spin-1/2 Aharonov-Bohm effect in the N = N' =1 sector of the model. The latter is then studied in perturbation theory to determine whether there are divergences in the fourth order (one loop) diagram. It is found that the contribution of that order is finite (and vanishing) for the case of parallel spin projections while the antiparallel case displays divergences which are known to characterize the spin zero case in field theory as well as in quantum mechanics.Comment: 14 pages LaTeX, including 2 figures using eps