Perturbative Expansion in the Galilean Invariant Spin One-Half Chern-Simons Field Theory

A Galilean Chern-Simons field theory is formulated for the case of two interacting spin-1/2 fields of distinct masses M and M'. A method for the construction of states containing N particles of mass M and N' particles of mass M' is given which is subsequently used to display equivalence to the spin-1/2 Aharonov-Bohm effect in the N = N' =1 sector of the model. The latter is then studied in perturbation theory to determine whether there are divergences in the fourth order (one loop) diagram. It is found that the contribution of that order is finite (and vanishing) for the case of parallel spin projections while the antiparallel case displays divergences which are known to characterize the spin zero case in field theory as well as in quantum mechanics.Comment: 14 pages LaTeX, including 2 figures using eps

Static quark-antiquark potential and Dirac eigenvector correlators

We represent the Polyakov loop correlator as a spectral sum of correlators of eigenvectors of the lattice Dirac operator. This spectral representation is studied numerically using quenched SU(3) configurations below and above the deconfinement temperature. We analyze whether the individual Dirac eigenvector correlators differ in the confined and deconfined phases. The decay properties of the normalized Dirac eigenvector correlators turn out to be essentially identical in the two phases, but the amplitudes change. This change of the amplitudes shifts the relative contributions of the individual Dirac eigenvector correlators and is the driving mechanism for the transition from the confining static potential into the deconfining one

New Gauge Invariant Formulation of the Chern-Simons Gauge Theory

A new gauge invariant formulation of the relativistic scalar field interacting with Chern-Simons gauge fields is considered. This formulation is consistent with the gauge fixed formulation. Furthermore we find that canonical (Noether) Poincar\'e generators are not gauge invariant even on the constraints surface and do not satisfy the (classical) Poincar\'e algebra. It is the improved generators, constructed from the symmetric energy-momentum tensor, which are (manifestly) gauge invariant and obey the classical Poincar\'e algebra.Comment: Shortened, to appear as Papid Communication-PRD/Nov/9

Color Variability of the Blazar AO 0235+16

Multicolor (UBVRIJHK) observations of the blazar AO 0235+16 are analyzed. The light curves were compiled at the Turin Observatory from literature data and the results of observations obtained in the framework of the WEBT program (http://www.to.astro/blazars/webt/). The color variability of the blazar was studied in eight time intervals with a sufficient number of multicolor optical observations; JHK data are available for only one of these. The spectral energy distribution (SED) of the variable component remained constant within each interval, but varied strongly from one interval to another. After correction for dust absorption, the SED can be represented by a power law in all cases, providing evidence for a synchrotron nature of the variable component. We show that the variability at both optical and IR wavelengths is associated with the same variable source.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy Report

Communications Considerations in the Context of an Interdisciplinary Sea Level Rise Impacts Assessment Project

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

PROPEL: implementation of an evidence based pelvic floor muscle training intervention for women with pelvic organ prolapse: a realist evaluation and outcomes study protocol

Abstract Background Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is estimated to affect 41%–50% of women aged over 40. Findings from the multi-centre randomised controlled “Pelvic Organ Prolapse PhysiotherapY” (POPPY) trial showed that individualised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) was effective in reducing symptoms of prolapse, improved quality of life and showed clear potential to be cost-effective. However, provision of PFMT for prolapse continues to vary across the UK, with limited numbers of women’s health physiotherapists specialising in its delivery. Implementation of this robust evidence from the POPPY trial will require attention to different models of delivery (e.g. staff skill mix) to fit with differing care environments. Methods A Realist Evaluation (RE) of implementation and outcomes of PFMT delivery in contrasting NHS settings will be conducted using multiple case study sites. Involving substantial local stakeholder engagement will permit a detailed exploration of how local sites make decisions on how to deliver PFMT and how these lead to service change. The RE will track how implementation is working; identify what influences outcomes; and, guided by the RE-AIM framework, will collect robust outcomes data. This will require mixed methods data collection and analysis. Qualitative data will be collected at four time-points across each site to understand local contexts and decisions regarding options for intervention delivery and to monitor implementation, uptake, adherence and outcomes. Patient outcome data will be collected at baseline, six months and one year follow-up for 120 women. Primary outcome will be the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score (POP-SS). An economic evaluation will assess the costs and benefits associated with different delivery models taking account of further health care resource use by the women. Cost data will be combined with the primary outcome in a cost effectiveness analysis, and the EQ-5D-5L data in a cost utility analysis for each of the different models of delivery. Discussion Study of the implementation of varying models of service delivery of PFMT across contrasting sites combined with outcomes data and a cost effectiveness analysis will provide insight into the implementation and value of different models of PFMT service delivery and the cost benefits to the NHS in the longer term

Ancient Amazonian populations left lasting impacts on forest structure

Amazonia contains a vast expanse of contiguous tropical forest and is influential in global carbon and hydrological cycles. Whether ancient Amazonia was highly disturbed or modestly impacted, and how ancient disturbances have shaped current forest ecosystem processes, is still under debate. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs), which are anthropic soil types with enriched nutrient levels, are one of the primary lines of evidence for ancient human presence and landscape modifications in settings that mostly lack stone structures and which are today covered by vegetation. We assessed the potential of using moderate spatial resolution optical satellite imagery to predict ADEs across the Amazon Basin. Maximum entropy modeling was used to develop a predictive model using locations of ADEs across the basin and satellite‐derived remotely sensed indices. Amazonian Dark Earth sites were predicted to be primarily along the main rivers and in eastern Amazonia. Amazonian Dark Earth sites, when compared with randomly selected forested sites located within 50 km of ADE sites, were less green canopies (lower normalized difference vegetation index) and had lower canopy water content. This difference was accentuated in two drought years, 2005 and 2010. This is contrary to our expectation that ADE sites would have nutrient‐rich soils that support trees with greener canopies and forests on ADE soils being more resilient to drought. Biomass and tree height were lower on ADE sites in comparison with randomly selected adjacent sites. Our results suggested that ADE‐related ancient human impact on the forest is measurable across the entirety of the 6 million km2 of Amazon Basin using remotely sensed data

Trends in Field Quality along the Production of the LHC Dipoles and Differences among Manufacturers

More than two thirds of the dipoles of the Large Hadron Collider have been manufactured and their magnetic field has been measured at room temperature. In this paper we make a review of the trends that have been observed during the production. In some cases, the trends were traced back to displacements of conductors with respect to the nominal lay-out. The analysis allows detecting the most critical zones in the superconducting coil as far as field quality is concerned. The second part of the paper makes the point of the observed differences in field quality between the three manufacturers. The analysis allows evaluating which multipoles are more affected, what magnitudes of displacements are necessary to explain these differences (the manufacturers all producing the same baseline), and what could be the origin of such differences

Covariance systems

We introduce new definitions of states and of representations of covariance systems. The GNS-construction is generalized to this context. It associates a representation with each state of the covariance system. Next, states are extended to states of an appropriate covariance algebra. Two applications are given. We describe a nonrelativistic quantum particle, and we give a simple description of the quantum spacetime model introduced by Doplicher et al.Comment: latex with ams-latex, 23 page

Intercomparison between Commercial Condensation Nucleus Counters and an Alternating Temperature Gradient Cloud Chamber

Three Commercial CNC Counters (TSI Models 3010, 3022A, and 3025A) Are Compared with an Alternating Temperature Gradient Cloud Chamber (ALGR). Electrically Size Classified Aerosols of Sodium Chloride and Silver Are Used. Diffusional Losses within the ALGR Are Much Larger Than for the TSI Instruments: Therefore the ALGR Concentrations Are Corrected for Internal Diffusional Losses, But the TSI Instruments Are Not. the Particle Size Range Tested is 4–90 Nm. for Sodium Chloride, the TSI Concentrations Agreed Fairly Well with the Corrected ALGR at Larger Sizes, and Were Below the Corrected ALGR at Smaller Sizes. the Electrical Aerosol Classifier (EAC) Setting at Which a Particular TSI Instrument Concentration is 50% of the Corrected ALGR Concentration is Denoted D 50%. for the 3010 and 3022A, the Values of D 50% Are 14.5 and 7.9 Nm, Respectively. for the 3025A the Extrapolated D 50% is 3.5 Nm. These D 50% Values Are Close to Those Reported for Comparisons between Concentrations Measured by the TSI Instruments and Concentrations Determined with an Aerosol Electrometer. However, the Count Ratio Rises to Unity Less Quickly as Size Increases for the Present Intercomparisons as Compared with Intercomparisons with Aerosol Electrometers. the ALGR Can Produce at Most a 30% Water Super-Saturation, Corresponding to a Kelvin Diameter of 8.4 Nm. Thus, Since Silver Particles Are Water Insoluble, the ALGR Detected Small Silver Particles Less Efficiently Than the TSI Model 3025A. the Data with Silver Aerosols Allowed Determination of the Relation between Size and Critical Supersaturation over the Size Range 16–30 Nm Diameter. the Silver Aerosol Exhibited Critical Supersaturations Higher, by a Factor of 1.2 to 1.8, Than Those Given by the Kelvin Equation. © 1995 American Association for Aerosol Research Published by Elsevier Science Inc