5 research outputs found
Cosmological simulations with disformally coupled symmetron fields
We investigate statistical properties of the distribution of matter at
redshift zero in disformal gravity by using N-body simulations. The disformal
model studied here consists of a conformally coupled symmetron field with an
additional exponential disformal term. We conduct cosmological simulations to
discover the impact of the new disformal terms in the matter power spectrum,
halo mass function, and radial profile of the scalar field. We calculated the
disformal geodesic equation and the equation of motion for the scalar field. We
then implemented these equations into the N-body code ISIS, which is a modified
gravity version of the code RAMSES. The presence of a conformal symmetron field
increases both the power spectrum and mass function compared to standard
gravity on small scales. Our main finding is that the newly added disformal
terms tend to counteract these effects and can make the evolution slightly
closer to standard gravity. We finally show that the disformal terms give rise
to oscillations of the scalar field in the centre of the dark matter haloes.Comment: Updated version to reflect the journal accepted paper. Added one
figure. 7 pages, 7 figure
The slingshot effect as a probe of transverse motions of galaxies
Context: There are currently no reliable methods to measure the transverse velocities of galaxies. This is an important piece of information that is lacking in galaxy catalogues, and it could allow us to probe the physics of structure formation and to test the underlying theory of gravity. The slingshot effect (a special case of the integrated Sachs–Wolfe effect) is expected to create dipole signals in the temperature fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. This effect creates a hot spot behind and a cold spot in front of moving massive objects. The dipole signal created by the slingshot effect can be used to measure transverse velocities, but because the signal is expected to be weak, the effect has not been measured yet.
Aims: Our aim is to show that the slingshot effect can be measured by stacking the signals of galaxies falling into a collapsing cluster. Furthermore, we evaluate whether the effect can probe modified gravity.
Methods: We used data from a simulated galaxy catalogue (MultiDark Planck 2) to mimic observations. We identified a 1015 M⊙ cluster, and made maps of the slingshot effect for photons passing near 8438 infalling galaxies. To emulate instrument noise, we added uncorrelated Gaussian noise to each map. We assumed that the average velocity is directed towards the centre of the cluster. The maps were rotated according to the expected direction of motion. This assures that the dipole signal adds up constructively when stacking the maps. We compared the stacked maps to a dipole stencil to determine the quality of the signal. We also evaluated the probability of fitting the stencil in the absence of the slingshot signal.
Results: Each galaxy gives a signal of around ΔT/T ≈ 10−9, while the current precision of CMB experiments is ΔT/T ≈ 4 × 10−6. By stacking around 10 000 galaxies and performing a stencil fit, the slingshot signal can be over the detectable threshold with today’s experiments. However, due to the difficulty of distinguishing an actual signal from false positives, future CMB experiments must be used to be certain of the strength of the observed signal
Cosmic Tsunamis in Modified Gravity: Disruption of Screening Mechanisms from Scalar Waves
Extending general relativity by adding extra degrees of freedom is a popular approach for explaining the accelerated expansion of the Universe and to build high energy completions of the theory of gravity. The presence of such new degrees of freedom is, however, tightly constrained from several observations and experiments that aim to test general relativity in a wide range of scales. The viability of a given modified theory of gravity, therefore, strongly depends on the existence of a screening mechanism that suppresses the extra degrees of freedom. We perform simulations, and find that waves propagating in the new degrees of freedom can significantly impact the efficiency of some screening mechanisms, thereby threatening the viability of these modified gravity theories. Specifically, we show that the waves produced in the symmetron model can increase the amplitude of the fifth force and the parametrized post Newtonian parameters by several orders of magnitude