Late Cenozoic Sedimentary Outbuilding Offshore Mid-Norway:A Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis

Geologically the mid-Norwegian continental shelf (62°-69°30’N) has undergone several phases of rifting, uplifting and erosion, but the present shape of the shelf/margin developed during Plio/Pleistocene time. During late Neogene a thick succession of Naust Formation prograded westward. This prograding wedge built out as an interaction of several processes like climatic fluctuations, relative sea level changes, glacial processes, basin infill and development of continental ice sheets in Scandinavia. The purpose of this study is to do sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Late-Cenozoic outbuilding. Ten 2D seismic lines of high resolution from offshore mid-Norway were interpreted. Sequence stratigraphic analysis reveals 32 seismic sequences developed by 30 glaciation during last 2.8 m.y. Facies analysis describes different kinds of sedimentary environments that was active during deposition of Naust Formation. Ages of the seismic sequences within the Naust Formation (2.8Ma-Present) have been interpolated between key horizons dated in previous studies. The known glaciations from Iceland and Svalbard margin are correlated with this study. The correlations indicate chances of more glaciations during last 2.8 m.y than resolved by the existing date from Iceland and Svalbard margins if high resolution data is available. Relative sea level changes occurred frequently during deposition of the Naust Formation. During early Naust time (SS1-SS13) the depocentre was northeastern Vøring Basin and northeastern Trøndelag Platform which gradually shifted towards the south with increase in sedimentation rate. After URU the tilting of the continental margin stopped and accommodation space was created by sea level changes and sediment loading resulting in the development of aggradating and weakly progradating stacking pattern

PAEDERUS ALFIERI EXTRACT INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN MYELOID LEUKEMIA K562 CELLS

Objective: The rove beetle Paederus alfieri Koch. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) is well-known among natural enemies in Egypt as an important predator of agricultural insect pests, it used as an essential agent in the integrated pest management programs. Recent studies have revealed that Paederus may have anti-proliferative effect; however, its mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the anticancer effect of P. alfieri extract (PAE) on K562 human myeloid leukemia cancer cells and elucidation of its mechanism.Methods: Human myeloid leukemia K562 cells were treated with PAE at different concentrations. Cell proliferation was measured using the3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry analysis. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, active caspase-3, t-Akt, and p-Akt were evaluated by western blotting.Results:  PAE  has  a  dose-dependent  antiproliferative  effect  against  K562 cells.  The  half  maximal  inhibitory  concentration  was  estimated  as212±2.3 ng/ml. Flow cytometric analysis showed that PAE induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in K562 cells. We also investigated the molecular mechanism of PAE-induced apoptosis. PAE downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. Furthermore, the levels of p-Akt are dose-dependently decreased in response to PAE, whereas the total Akt protein levels remained constant during PAE treatment.Conclusion: Taken together PAE-induced apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia K562 cells by modulating PI3K/Akt pathway. Our findings suggest that may be PAE is a good extract for developing anticancer drugs for human myeloid leukemia cancer treatment.Keywords: Paederus alfieri, Pederin, K562, Apoptosis, PI3K/Akt pathway

Motor and Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring Without Wakeup Test during Scoliosis Surgery

Background: Available evidence suggests that Transcranial electric motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potential are safe methods to check the integrity of the spinal cord during spine deformity correction surgery. We compare the efficacy of Transcranial electric motor evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potential to detect the nerve injury during Scoliosis surgery. Objectives: To demonstratethe advantages of combined motor and sensory evoked potential monitoring during Scoliosis surgery. Methods: We analyzed records of 65 (48 female and 17 male) Scoliosis surgery cases of Transcranial electric motor evoked potential and Somatosensory evoked potential.Mean age was 15.6 years. Patients who showed significant (at least 55%) of unilateral or bilateral amplitude loss , for at least five to ten minutes during the intervention in scoliosis surgery under total intravenous anesthesia will be included. Results: From 65 patients during surgery seventeen patients have a significant or complete drop of baseline amplitude on transcranial electric motor evoked potentials. Thirteen patients have the complete return of baseline amplitude by surgeon intraoperative intervention, whereas four patients havea reversal of motor response after 8 hours post-operatively. Transcranial electric motor evoked potential monitoring was 100% specific and 100% sensitive, whereas Somatosensory evoked potential was 100% specific and 85% sensitive. Conclusions: SSEPs and MEPs , in combination give accurate and quick information of nerve or spinal cord insult intraoperatively

Structural and fluid-migration control on hill-hole pair formation: Evidence from high-resolution 3D seismic data from the SW Barents Sea

Hill-hole pairs are subglacial landforms consisting of thrust-block hills and associated source depressions. Formed by evacuation of material where ice sheets have been locally frozen to the substrate, they give insights into paleo-ice-sheet dynamics. The aim of this study was to document the relationships between ancient hill-hole pairs identified on a buried glacial unconformity with the structure of the underlying sedimentary deposits, and then to determine if the basin geology and glacial fluid migration pathways promoted local subglacial freeze-on during the hill-hole pair formation. The study is based on seismic geomorphological interpretation of four high-resolution 3D seismic cubes covering an area of 800 km2 in the SW Barents Sea, and fluid seepage data from 37 gravity cores. The seismic datasets allowed the identification of 55 hill-hole pairs along the buried unconformity. The hills are characterized by chaotic to homogenous seismic facies forming up to 19 m high mounds, each covering areas of 2000–644,000 m2. The holes form depressions between 1 and 44 m deep and 2000–704,000 m2 in areal extent, which cut into preglacial Mesozoic bedrock and later infilled by glacial till. The holes are often found above fault terminations. High-amplitude reflections identified along the faults and in the strata below the holes are interpreted as shallow gas migrating upward towards the glacial unconformity. Geochemical data of the seabed sediment cores further indicates an association between hill-hole pair occurrence and present-day thermogenic hydrocarbon seepage. The hill-hole pairs geometries were also used to identify five paleo-ice-flow directions along the glacial unconformity. These ice flows exhibit polythermal regimes, and four of them are parallel to ice-stream flow sets interpreted from glacial lineations. The integrated interpretation supports localized fault-related basal freezing of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet which resulted in the formation of hill-hole pairs when the ice sheet moved. In this context, the faults functioned as migration pathways for deep thermogenic fluids, possibly sourced from leaking Jurassic reservoirs.>p> This study highlights the importance of the underlying geology for ice-sheet dynamics: While hill-hole pairs above glacial till appear to be commonly associated with dispersed gas hydrates, hill-hole pairs above bedrock additionally indicate a link to underlying fault systems and hydrocarbon reservoirs. Freeze-on of underlying bedrock to the basal ice along the strike of faults in sedimentary bedrock explains deeper hill-hole pairs with smaller extents along the glacial unconformity compared to areally larger but shallow hill-hole pairs detected above glacial till on modern seabeds. Such close association between paleo-thermogenic gas seepage and the location of hill-hole pairs strongly support that hill-hole pairs are excellent markers revealing exit points of fluid migration pathways in petroleum system models

Specific Targeting and Labeling of Colonic Polyps in CPC-APC Mice with Mucin 5AC Fluorescent Antibodies: A Model for Detection of Early Colon Cancer

Poor visualization of polyps can limit colorectal cancer screening. Fluorescent antibodies to mucin5AC (MUC5AC), a glycoprotein upregulated in adenomas and colorectal cancer, could improve screening colonoscopy polyp detection rate. Adenomatous polyposis coli flox mice with a Cdx2-Cre transgene (CPC-APC) develop colonic polyps that contain both dysplastic and malignant tissue. Mice received MUC5AC-IR800 or IRdye800 as a control IV and were sacrificed after 48 h for near-infrared imaging of their colons. A polyp-to-background ratio (PBR) was calculated for each polyp by dividing the mean fluorescence intensity of the polyp by the mean fluorescence intensity of the background tissue. The mean 25 μg PBR was 1.70 (±0.56); the mean 50 μg PBR was 2.64 (±0.97); the mean 100 μg PBR was 3.32 (±1.33); and the mean 150 μg PBR was 3.38 (±0.87). The mean PBR of the dye-only control was 2.22 (±1.02), significantly less than the 150 μg arm (p-value 0.008). The present study demonstrates the ability of fluorescent anti-MUC5AC antibodies to specifically target and label colonic polyps containing high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal adenocarcinoma in CPC-APC mice. This technology can potentially improve the detection rate and decrease the miss rate of advanced colonic neoplasia and early cancer at colonoscopy

Color image encryption by piecewise function and elliptic curve over the Galois field GF(2n) {G}{F}\left({2}^{{n}}\right)

Elliptic curve (EC) cryptography supplies an efficient, secure, and lightweight method for executing computer cryptographic protocols. Its widespread use in various applications, including secure communications, digital signatures, and key agreement protocols, highlights its importance in modern computing. Moreover, EC-based image encryption is gaining popularity in cryptography as it offers strong protection with a relatively smaller key size than other famous cryptosystems. Inspired by this, we proposed a novel image encryption scheme that leverages ECs over a binary extension field (BEF). This approach also reduces computational workload using EC over BEF instead of large primes. Also, BEF can represent large numbers in a compact form, which is helpful in applications that require efficient data storage and transmission. Our scheme involves three main steps. Initially, we utilize points of an EC over a BEF and a piecewise function to mask the plain image. Next, to introduce a high level of confusion in the plain text, we create a substitution box (S-box) based on the EC and operation of BEF of order 256, which is then used to permute the pixels of the masked image. Finally, we generate pseudo-random numbers (PRNs) using EC coordinates and BEF characteristics to create diffusion in the image and obtain a cipher image. In addition, we accomplished computational experiments demonstrating that our proposed cryptosystem provides excellent security against linear, differential, and statistical attacks compared to existing cryptosystems