Typification of names in Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) in the flora of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam

Neotypes are designated for five names in Kaempferia (Zingiberaceae) from Lao PDR, namely K. attapeuensis Picheans. & Koonterm, K. champasakensis Picheans. & Koonterm, K. gigantiphylla Picheans. & Koonterm, K. sawanensis Picheans. & Koonterm and K. xiengkhouangensis Picheans. & Phokham

Molecular phylogenetics and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae)

Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce contains around 600 species and includes the largest New World radiation within the Old World–centered genus Euphorbia. It is one of the few plant lineages to include members with C3, C4 and CAM photosynthesis, showing multiple adaptations to warm and dry habitats. The subgenus includes North American–centered groups that were previously treated at various taxonomic ranks under the names of “Agaloma,,, “Poinsettia”, and “Chamaesyce”. Here we provide a well–resolved phylogeny of Euphorbia subg. Chamaesyce using nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast ndhF sequences, with substantially increased taxon sampling compared to previous studies. Based on the phylogeny, we discuss the Old World origin of the subgenus, the evolution of cyathial morphology and growth forms, and then provide a formal sectional classification, with descriptions and species lists for each section or subsection we recognize.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146846/1/tax614005.pd

Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia

Euphorbia subg. Euphorbia is the largest and most diverse of four recently recognized subgenera within Euphorbia and is distributed across the tropics and subtropics. Relationships within this group have been difficult to discern due mainly to homoplasious morphological characters and inadequate taxon sampling in previous phylogenetic studies. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis of E. subg. Euphorbia, using one nuclear and two plastid regions, for the most complete sampling of molecular sequence data to date. We assign 661 species to the subgenus and show that it is comprised of four highly supported clades, including a single New World clade and multiple independent lineages on Madagascar. Using this phylogenetic framework we discuss patterns of homoplasy in morphological evolution and general patterns of biogeography. Finally, we present a new sectional classification of E. subg. Euphorbia comprising 21 sections, nine of them newly described here.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147178/1/tax6225-sup-003-pdf.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147178/2/tax6225.pd

Two new species of <I>Kaempferia</I> L. (Zingiberaceae) from Cambodia and Lao PDR

Two new species of Kaempferia L. (Zingiberaceae), Kaempferia nemoralis Insis. sp. nov. and Kaempferia pascuorum Insis. sp. nov., from Cambodia and Lao PDR are described and illustrated. Morphological similarities to their closely related taxa are discussed. Kaempferia nemoralis Insis. sp. nov. is compared with Kaempferia larsenii Sirirugsa in its vegetative parts, but distinguished by the following characters: whole plant taller, leaf sheath and young shoot apex green, petiole absent. It differs from Kaempferia rotunda L. in its floral parts by the following characters: presence of peduncle, floral tube longer, labellum purple with white line at centre, anther crest obovate, bifid, apex irregularly rounded and ovary glabrous. Kaempferia pascuorum Insis. sp. nov. is compared with Kaempferia larsenii Sirirugsa. Proposed IUCN conservation assessments are also given: Kaempferia nemoralis Insis. sp. nov. occurs in disturbed, open forest and is assessed as CR, whereas Kaempferia pascuorum Insis. sp. nov. occurs in short grassland and is assessed as EN.</p

Le genre Euphorbia L. ( Euphorbiaceae) à Madagascar (phylogénie moléculaire et systématique)

La taxonomie d'Euphorbia L. a toujours été problématique à cause de sa taille gigantesque (presque 2000 espèces) et de sa grande diversité morphologique. La caractéristique utilisée pour définir Euphorbia est la structure de sa cyathe, ou cyathium, qui est une inflorescence hermaphrodite condensée (certains taxons peuvent être dioïques par avortement des fleurs mâles ou femelles). A la base de la cyathe se trouvent au moins deux bractées axillantes plus ou moins développées et colorées, appelées cyathophylles. Deux analyses phylogénétiques complémentaires ont été menées pour cette thèse, la prmeière portant sur le genre dans sa globalité (dans la limite des données disponibles), en incluant toute la variation morphologique observée à Madagscar, la seconde a été restreinte au sous-genre Lacanthis (Raf.) M.G. Gilbert. Deux approches on été utilisées pour effectuer les analyses de la région des ITS (ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2), la parcimonie et les inférences bayésiennes. La définition que donne Gilbert (1987) d'Euphorbia subg. Lacanthis fournit une hypothèse de travail pour tester les affinités des espèces succulentes provenant de Madagascar par rapport au reste du genre. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les espèces malgaches inclues dans le sous-genre Lacanthis forment un groupe monophylétique, et les espèces du groupe de l'E. rubella, précédemment considérées comme des Lacanthis, ne sont en fait pas les plus proches parentes des espèces malgaches. Les concepts familiers comme les >, les > ou les > sont en fait des ensembles polyphylétiques, qui nécessitent d'être plus délimités en identifiant leurs apomorphies. Les > ne forment pas non plus un ensemble monophylétique, indiquant que l'île a connude multiples événements de colonisation. Une classification informelle des espèces originaires de Madagascar est proposée. Elle est basée sur les analyses moléculaires mises avec les données morphologiques disponibles. Les affinités putatives des groupes sont discutées. La prochaine étape pour améliorer la compréhension du genre dans son ensemble sera de tester les hypothèses phylogénétiques à l'aide d'un échantillonnage plus complet encore ( en se concentrant sur les espèces des continents africains et asiatiques) et en utilisant d'autres régions de l'ADN. Le but final étant de produire, et cela pour la prmeière fois depuis la dernière tentative de Boissier en 1862, une classification cohérente et stable du genre.PARIS-Museum Hist.Naturelle (751052304) / SudocSudocFranceF

The Genus Sartidia (Poaceae:Aristidoideae) in Madagascar

The uncommon southern African and Malagasy genus Sartidia in the Aristidoideae, Poaceae resembles the closely related Aristida but has a C-3 photosynthetic system, 3-5-veined lower glumes, and a ventrally grooved caryopsis. We present a revision of Sartidia in Madagascar with two species. Sartidia isaloensis is described as new based on its interrupted inflorescence structure, small spikelets, and short awns. A leaf anatomical study and a delta C-13 analysis confirm that S. isaloensis is a C-3 species. Sartidia perrieri is likely extinct in the wild. We present descriptions, typification, illustrations, distribution maps, an identification key, and IUCN conservation assessments. A key to the Aristidoideae in Madagascar is also included

Predicting Plant Threat Based on Herbarium Data: Application to French Data

International audienceEvaluating formal threat criteria for every organism on earth is a tremendously resource-consuming task which will need many more years to accomplish at the actual rate. We propose here a method allowing for a faster and reproducible threat prediction for the 360,000+ known species of plants. Threat probabilities are estimated for each known plant species through the analysis of the data from the complete digitization of the largest herbarium in the world using machine learning algorithms, allowing for a major breakthrough in biodiversity conservation assessments worldwide. First, the full scientific names from Paris herbarium database were matched against all the names from the international plant list using a text mining open source search engine called Terrier. A series of statistics related to the accepted names of each plant were computed and served as predictors in a statistical learning algorithm with binary output. The training data was build based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) global Redlisting plants assessments. For each accepted name, the probability to be of least concern (LC, not threatened) was estimated with a confidence interval and a global misclassification rate of 20%. Results are presented on the world map and according to different plant traits

Description of five new species of the Madagascan flagship plant genus Ravenala (Strelitziaceae)

International audienceMadagascar's emblematic traveller's tree is a monospecific genus within Strelitziaceae, the family of the South African bird of paradise. Until now, this endemic genus consisted of a single species: Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn., which is grown everywhere in the tropics as an ornamental plant. The plant is immediately recognizable for its huge fan-forming banana-like leaves and is locally referred to in Magagascar by several vernacular names. "Variants" have been mentioned in the literature, but without any attempt to recognize formal taxa based on diagnostic features. In this paper, we formally describe five new species and fix the application of the name R. madagascariensis to the populations growing on the eastern coast of Madagascar, with the epitype growing in the marshy Fort-Dauphin area in the south. This paper has numerous implications for conservation biology and other domains of life sciences, due to the importance of this genus for the conservation of Madagascan ecosystems, the ornamental plant trade, as well as for its invasive status in several tropical areas

Two new species of Kaempferia L. (Zingiberaceae) from Cambodia and Lao PDR

Two new species of Kaempferia L. (Zingiberaceae), Kaempferia nemoralis Insis. sp. nov. and Kaempferia pascuorum Insis. sp. nov., from Cambodia and Lao PDR are described and illustrated. Morphological similarities to their closely related taxa are discussed. Kaempferia nemoralis Insis. sp. nov. is compared with Kaempferia larsenii Sirirugsa in its vegetative parts, but distinguished by the following characters: whole plant taller, leaf sheath and young shoot apex green, petiole absent. It differs from Kaempferia rotunda L. in its floral parts by the following characters: presence of peduncle, floral tube longer, labellum purple with white line at centre, anther crest obovate, bifid, apex irregularly rounded and ovary glabrous. Kaempferia pascuorum Insis. sp. nov. is compared with Kaempferia larsenii Sirirugsa. Proposed IUCN conservation assessments are also given: Kaempferia nemoralis Insis. sp. nov. occurs in disturbed, open forest and is assessed as CR, whereas Kaempferia pascuorum Insis. sp. nov. occurs in short grassland and is assessed as EN