A New Variant of the Winternitz One Time Signature Scheme Based on Graded Encoding Schemes

The Winternitz one-time signature (WOTS) scheme, which can be described using a certain number of so-called ``function chains , plays an important role in the design of both stateless and stateful many-time signature schemes. This work introduces WOTS^GES, a new WOTS type signature scheme in which the need for computing all of the intermediate values of the chains is eliminated. This significantly reduces the number of required operations needed to calculate the algorithms of WOTS^GES. To achieve this results, we have used the concept of ``leveled multilinear maps which is also referred to as graded encoding schemes. In the context of provable security, we reduce the hardness of graded discrete-logarithm (GDL) problem to the EU-CMA security of WOTS^GES in the standard model

The complexity of the connected graph access structure on seven participants

In this paper, we study an important problem in secret sharing that determines the exact value or bound for the complexity. First, we used induced subgraph complexity of the graph G with access structure, Gama, to obtain a lower bound on the complexity of the graph G. Secondly, by applying decomposition techniques we obtain an upper bound on the complexity of the graph G. We determine the exact values of the complexity for each of the ten graph access structures on seven participants. Also, we improve the value bound of the complexity of the six graph access structures with seven participants

Evaluating the Motifs and Pigments of the Charta Pictographs in Kuhdasht, Lorestan

Rock arts, especially pictographs, feature peculiar characteristics in the history of Iranian art. Most scholars regard them as a form of visual art. Given the long history of representation in rock art spanning the Paleolithic period up to the present, they have been considered from various archeological, anthropological, artistic, symbolic, and historical and decorative arts perspectives to pin down their themes, meanings, and date. The present work examines a series of pictographs from the Kuhdasht region of Lorestan using a combination of field, laboratorial, and library research approaches. Notably, this is the very first study in Iran addressing the pigments of pictographs at a rock art site. A popular local tradition holds that the ancient artists used a mixture of blood, oak syrup, and soot to prepare the paint used at the site. Hence, the motifs, rock types, and pigments of the Charta region were analyzed to characterize their chemical composition and the elements constituting the pigments. To this end, a Dino Light digital loop microscope was used, and point tests and petrography were then carried out using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The elemental analyses revealed the nature of the red pigment. The motifs at Charta include representations of tools, geometric motifs, and human figures, portraying fighting or pre-fighting scenes. The chemical composition of the red pigment consisted of a high iron (Fe) content as well as smaller percentages of Ca, Mg, Al, and Si. The abundance of iron element detected in the elemental analysis of the specimen’s surface and the intensity of the peaks related to the composition of iron oxide in the FT-IR spectra might more strongly indicate the presence of these compounds in the pigment.Therefore, the pigments were mainly made of iron oxides, such as red ocher or hematite, magnetite, and magnesium. Thus, the artists invariably used highly durable and resilient mineral pigments, which based on the micrographs of the paint layer cross-sections were directly applied to the rock and, thus the absence of any sort of primer. No organic element was detected in the pigment composition

The Use of Flaxseed in Gynecology: A Review Article

Background & aim: Flaxseed is the richest source of lignan which is one of the main categories of phytoestrogens. In addition to the estrogenic and anti-estrogenic properties of lignan, it has non-hormonal properties as well. The treatment of menopausal hot flashes and cyclic mastalgia, the reduction in vasomotor symptoms and tumor cell growth and recurrence, the prevention of breast and ovarian cancer,  and the improvement of the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome are some of the indications of this plant. Therefore, the current study aimed to review the effect of flaxseed on the control of menopausal symptoms, premenstrual syndrome as well as breast and ovarian cancers. Methods: In this study, English keywords of mastalgia, mastodynia, ovarian neoplasm, ovarian cancer, breast neoplasm, breast cancer, hot flashes, premenstrual syndrome, flax, flaxseed, lignan, phytoestrogen, and linum usitatissimum along with their Persian equivalents were searched through databases incluing PubMed, Proquest, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran. All the selected articles were the clinical trials and case-control studies performed from 1991 to 2017. Finally, 30 English and 8 Persian studies were reviewed in this study. Results: The results obtained from most studies on this plant showed its positive effects on menopausal symptoms, breast cancer, mastalgia, and premenstrual syndrome. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that due to the high properties of this plant (i.e., the negligible side effects and safe use of it in recommended amounts), it can be used within the field of obstetrics and gynecology

Coupled Fixed-Point Theorems for Contractions in Partially Ordered Metric Spaces and Applications

Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham (2006) showed the existence of coupled coincidence points of a mapping F from X×X into X and a mapping g from X into X with some applications. The aim of this paper is to extend the results of Bhaskar and Lakshmikantham and improve the recent fixed-point theorems due to Bessem Samet (2010). Indeed, we introduce the definition of generalized g-Meir-Keeler type contractions and prove some coupled fixed point theorems under a generalized g-Meir-Keeler-contractive condition. Also, some applications of the main results in this paper are given

A Technical Study of Red Paints in the Retouching Layer of Some Wet-Collodion Glass Plate Negatives of Golestian Palace Photo Archive

[EN] This study presents a part of a research project on retouching wet Collodion and dry gelatine glass plate negatives from Golestan Palace photo archive in Tehran, Iran, dating from the mid-19th century. The collection belongs to Qajar era. This is a case study on the use of red paint in retouching wet collodion glass plate negatives and aims to help the understanding of retouching material and their application. Red paints in four retouched negatives, and also their binder, identified in this study by means of, micro Fourier transform infrared (µ-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and stereo microscopy technique. Elemental analysis performed with (SEM-EDS) revealed the presence of Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe) elements in the paint. Thus, red Iron & red Lead pigments were identified as the red paints. The results confirmed by micro Fourier transform infrared (µ-FTIR), and a natural resin (probably gum Arabic) is identified as the binder of all paints as well. Red Lead, is realized as a paint to cover the boundaries, create more brightness, and as a binder to adhere masking papers, to the intended areas. Red Iron, is also found as a paint to correct emulsion defects and, make a perfectly clear and clean sky or background. Apparently, all these choices have been made consciously. It is believed that this study will contribute much to better understanding of retouching materials and the need to preserve them.Noohi, S.; Hadian-Dehkordi, M. (2023). A Technical Study of Red Paints in the Retouching Layer of Some Wet-Collodion Glass Plate Negatives of Golestian Palace Photo Archive. En 6th International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage, RECH6. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 221-229. https://doi.org/10.4995/RECH6.2021.1362422122

The complexity of the connected graph access structure on seven participants

In this paper, we study an important problem in secret sharing that determines the exact value or bound for the complexity. First, we used induced subgraph complexity of the graph G with access structure, Gama, to obtain a lower bound on the complexity of the graph G. Secondly, by applying decomposition techniques we obtain an upper bound on the complexity of the graph G. We determine the exact values of the complexity for each of the ten graph access structures on seven participants. Also, we improve the value bound of the complexity of the six graph access structures with seven participants

Maximal Independent Sets for the Pixel Expansion of Graph Access Structure

Abstract : A visual cryptography scheme based on a given graph G is a method to distribute a secret image among the vertices of G, the participants, so that a subset of participants can recover the secret image if they contain an edge of G, by stacking their shares, otherwise they can obtain no information regarding the secret image. In this paper a maximal independent sets of the graph G was applied to propose a lower bound on the pixel expansion of visual cryptography schemes with graph access structure (G ). In addition a lower bound on the pixel expansion of basis matrices C5 and Peterson graph access structure were presented