Bioekologi Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Serta Deteksi Virus Dengue Pada Aedes Aegypti (Linnaeus) Dan Ae. Albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) Di Kelurahan Endemik DBD Bantarjati, Kota Bogor

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a viral disease that threatened community health in Indonesia. As part of an eradication program, it is important to learn the behavioral aspect of the disease vector. The aims of this study were to detect the presence of dengue virus in Aedes spp., at Bantarjati Village, Bogor City and to learn to bioecology of. Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus). Detection of dengue virus in Aedes spp. were done by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique that consist of two phase were synthesis phase and cDNA amplification and dengue virus serotipe characterization. The Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) mosquitoes were collected using the landing and resting moquito collection technique booth indoors and outdoors. The highest density of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were found in April and the peak activity was occurred at 10:00-11:00 am. Dengue virus was not detected in female mosquitoes Aedes spp

Pemanfaatan Ovitrap dalam Pengukuran Populasi Aedes SP. dan Penentuan Kondisi Rumah

Kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Pengamatan selama kurun waktu 20 sampai 25 tahun sejak awal ditemukan kasus DBD menyatakan bahwa angka kejadian luar biasa DBD mengalami peningkatan setiap lima tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mempelajari keanekaragaman nyamuk Aedes di kota Sukabumi, 2) mengukur populasi Aedes sp. berdasarkan jumlah telur dan indeks ovitrap, dan 3) mengetahui hubungan indeks ovitrap dengan kondisi rumah. Telur Aedes sp. dikumpulkan dari 14 kelurahan di Kota Sukabumi yang memiliki angka insiden tertinggi, mulai dari bulan Mei 2015 hingga Agustus 2015. Pengumpulan telur dilakukan dengan cara memasang perangkap telur (ovitrap) sebanyak 230 buah di 115 rumah (di dalam dan di luar rumah). Hasil pengumpulan ovitrap menunjukan jumlah telur yang diperoleh dari ovitrap di dalam rumah 3 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan telur dari ovitrap di luar rumah (1307 banding 429). Nyamuk Ae. aegypti ditemukan pada ovitrap di dalam rumah dan Ae. albopictus pada ovitrap di luar rumah. Indeks ovitrap di dalam rumah mencapai 60%, atau 1,6 kali lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan indeks ovitrap di luar rumah (37%). Rumah dengan ventilasi dan sanitasi buruk berisiko 3,09 kali meningkatkan angka indeks ovitrap. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai informasi dasar bagi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan melalui pengurangan tempat perindukan nyamuk sehingga menurunkan kejadian DBD

Larvicidal Effect of Mixture of Beauveria Bassiana Crude Metabolite and Chitinase Enzyme Against Aedes Aegypti Larvae

Aedes aegypti is a major vector of dengue, a deadly disease causing deaths of millions of people in developing countries, both in urban and rural populations. Aedes aegypti control with chemical insecticide is widely used, and affects on a widespread insecticide resistance. Mosquito biological control was needed to replace the use of chemical insecticide. This study aimed to evaluate larvicidal effect of mixture of Beauveria bassiana crude metabolite and chitinase enzyme against Aedes aegypti larvae. An experimental study using completely Randomized Design was conducted in March-April 2016 at Banjarnegara Research and Development Unit for Zoonosis Control. Biolarvacide formula was made of mixture with 2 : 1 ratio between Beauveria bassiana crude metabolite and chitinase isolated from chitinolytic bacteria, which was propagated by the Agency's Bacteriology Laboratory. In experimental method, 120 Aedes aegyptilarvae (3rd instar) were exposed with four concentrations of biolarvacide formula (4%, 8%, 16%, and 32%) in 3 replicates. Results showed that exposure of biolarvacide formula caused the third instar larval mortality which started on the first day of exposure. Probit analysis showed LC50 value was obtained at concentration of 53.2 ppm. This shows that larvacide formula of Beauveria bassiana and chitinase enzyme compounds are effective to be used as larvacides against Aedes aegypti larvae

Faktor Entomologi terhadap Keberadaan Jentik Aedes SP. pada Kasus Dbd Tertinggi dan Terendah di Kota Bogor

Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Kasus DBD di Kota Bogor tahun 2015 yang tertinggi berada di Kelurahan Baranangsiang 62 kasus dan terendah di Kelurahan Bojongkerta 0 kasus. Jenis penelitian ini observasi deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Sampel 100 rumah di Baranangsiang dan 100 rumah di Bojongkerta. Tujuan penelitianuntuk menentukan kepadatan populasi jentik, mengidentifikasi spesies jentik Aedes sp. dan karakteristik habitat terhadap keberadaan jentik pada kasus DBD tertinggi dan terendah di Kota Bogor. Berdasarkan perhitungan House index, Breteau index, Container index dan Density figure di Baranangsiang (CI:17,4%; HI:33%; BI:42%, DF:5) dan di Bojongkerta (CI:23,2%; HI:42%; BI:54%; DF:6). Hasil analisis denganbinary logistic regression hanya faktor tidak dikuras (sig=0,000;OR=116,44) yang berpengaruh dan berisiko 116,44 kali terhadap keberadaan jentik di Baranangsiang, sedangkan di Bojongkerta faktor jenis (sig=0,000;OR=12,32), letak (sig=0,001;OR=0,25) serta bahan kontainer (0,000;OR=0,24) yang paling berpengaruh (jenis TPA berisiko 12,32 kali, letak di dalam rumah berisiko 0,21 kali, bahan semen/karet/tanah berisiko 0,24 kali) terhadap keberadaan jentik. Kesimpulan penelitian di Baranangsiang mempunyai risiko penularan DBD pada tingkat sedang dan di Bojongkerta mempunyai risiko penularan DBD pada tingkat tinggi berdasarkan kepadatan vektornya

Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (Dbd) Berdasarkan Faktor Iklim di Kota Ternate

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di Di Kota Ternate. Data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Ternate menjelaskan bahwa penyebaran DBD di Kota Ternate dikategorikan dalam 4 kelurahan endemis, 16 kelurahan sporadic dan 43 kelurahan potensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara faktor iklim dengan kejadian DBD di Kota Ternate. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 3 persamaan dengan kombinasi faktor iklim yang berbeda, yaitu curah hujan, suhu dan kelembaban. Setiap persamaan mempertimbangkan lagtime 1 dan 2, analisis menggunakan program minitab statistical software 16.0 dan SPPS 17. Rata-rata kejadian DBD selama 8 tahun adalah 109 kasus dengan kejadian terendah 32 kasus pada tahun 2012 dan tertinggi 216 pada tahuan 2010. Hasil analisis statistik diketahui bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara kejadian DBD dengan curah hujan dengan nilai r=0,0009;p=0,993˃p0,05 serta kelembaban dengan nilai r=0,064;p=0,543˃p0,05, tetapi terdapat hubungan antara suhu dan kejadian DBD dengan nilai r=0,267;p=0,008˂p0,05 selama periode tahun2007-2014. Hasil analisis prediksi kejadian DBD di Kota Ternate pada bulan Juli yang dipengaruhi oleh suhu dengan nilai r=0,92;p=0,001˂p0,05 dan kelembaban dengan nilai r=0,97;p=0,001˂p0,05 satu bulan sebelumnya, sedangkan curah hujan sebelumnya tidak memberikan hubungan yang signifikan terhadap kejadian DBD. Kejadian DBD bulan Februari, Maret, April, Mei, Juni, Oktober dan November dipengaruhi oleh satu bulan sebelumnya dengan kisaran nilai r=0,55 - 0,95

Karakteristik Habitat Larva Anopheles Spp. Di Desa Sungai Nyamuk, Daerah Endemik Malaria Di Kabupaten Nunukan, Kalimantan Utara

A research about Habitat Characteristics of Anopheles spp. larvae was done in Sungai Nyamuk Village, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province from August 2010 to January 2012. This research aims to analyse the characteristics of breeding places of Anopheles spp. The larvae taken from various types of habitat with detention and maintained until it was developed into mosquitoes, then later identified. The results showed that there are four types of potential breeding places of Anopheles spp. ie lagoon, ditches, fish ponds and marshes. Anopheles types that are found consist of five species, namely An. vagus, An. subpictus, An. sundaicus, An. indefinitus dan An. peditaeniatus. Types of potential breeding places are dominated by the unused fish pond, with the substrate in the form of mud and water is not flowing, located around settlements surrounded by grasses, shrubs and trees. Breeding places contains of aquatic plants such as grasses and moss. Predators are found in the form of a dragonfly nymph, crustaceans, tadpoles and small fish. Early malaria vector control at the level of the larvae is a critical point of the success of malaria elimination programs in endemic areas

Studi Efikasi dan Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Penggunaan Kelambu Berinsektisida di Desa Sungai Nyamuk, Pulau Sebatik, Kalimantan Utara

In an attempt to eliminate malaria, government tries to control the vector of the disease through the distribution of Long Lasting Insecticide nets. In the process of use, users of this type of mosquito net need to do maintenance to ensure its effectiveness. This study aim to analyze the effectiveness of insecticide treated mosquito net against Anopheles sp. and knowing the knowledge, attitude, behavior of the community on the use and maintenance of the LLiNs. The research was conducted in Sungai Nyamuk Village, Sebatik Sub-district, Nunukan District, North Kalimantan with cross-sectional design. Data on the effectiveness of mosquito nets were obtained by performing Bioassay Cone Test (efficacy test) on insecticide and non-insecticide treated nets in households that have been using mosquito nets for more than 6 months. The community's Knowledge, Attitude, and Practise data were obtained by interviewing selected respondents using questionnaires. Processing and data analysing was done univariat and bivariat. The results showed that the most effective mosquito insecticide was the mosquito net that had been used for 6 months. The bed nets that had been used for 12-24 months had started to be less effective. All respondents (100%) agreed with the distribution of insecticide nets, but only 87% said they were willing to use it. All respondents (100%) did the installation of mosquito nets correctly, and had never washed the mosquito net. Can be concluded that insecticidal nets that have been used for more than 12 months have begun to be ineffective in controlling the vector of Anopheles sp. mosquito. Almost all respondents did not treat/wash the insecticide treated mosquito nets. In order to eliminate malaria in Sungai Nyamuk village there need to be an increase of active community participation (netting treatment) in the effort of vector control (Anopheles sp.)

Hubungan Iklim, Kepadatan Nyamuk Anopheles Dan Kejadian Penyakit Malaria

Districts of South Lampung and Pesawaran are malaria endemic areas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between climate, Anopheles density and malaria incidence. Mosquito collections were caught by human landing collection all night 06:00 PM-06:00 AM. The relation of climate with Anopheles density and Anopheles density with malaria incidence were analysed by Pearson Product Moment test. The Anopheles bite all night, peaks with 02:00-04:00 AM, outdoor bitings were more frequent than indoor biting. There were relationships between relative humidity and rain fall with Anopheles density, and Anopheles density with malaria incidence one month later