Components of Social Capital and Marital Status : A Global Perspective

Utilizing data on 65 countries from the International Institute of Social Studies and the United Nations’ Population Division, this study examines the extent of the goodness of fit between components of social capital (COSC) and marital status of male and female subpopulations in various age brackets, by means of Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient analysis. Subsequently, Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis is executed for the combinations of variables that have resulted in high R2 values in the first phase of the analyses. The results elucidated high levels of the goodness of fit as well as correlations between single males (25-59 years of age) and “Civic Activism.” In particular, single males between 35 and 39 years of age demonstrated the highest values both in terms of R2 and rs. For the female subpopulations, single women between 20 and 49 years of age had relatively high levels not only of the goodness of fit but also of correlations, again, with the variable “Civic Activism.” In conclusion, micro-level studies, as well as research scrutinizing the possible role of the Internet technology, are suggested as potential future topics

Epidermal Cell Proliferation in Guinea Pigs with Experimental Dermatophytosis

To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the self-healing process of experimental dermatophytosis produced in guinea pigs by an occlusive method with Trichophyton mentagrophytes, epidermal proliferative activity was evaluated by the in vivo tritiated thymidine-labeling technique performed at various intervals after the first and second infections. Determination of labeling indices disclosed that an increased epidermal proliferation correlated well with the severity of inflammatory changes, i.e., a peak activity was noted after 10 days in primary infection and at 2 days in reinfection, respectively, and was followed by subsequent spontaneous lesion clearance after 10 days. Application of a heat-killed spore suspension produced inflammatory changes with enhanced epidermopoiesis, similar to those induced by reinoculation of living spores, only in immune animals. The present results indicate that the dermatitic changes occurring in experimental dermatophytosis increase epidermopoiesis which facilitates elimination of the fungus from the stratum corneum and that host immune activity, particularly contact sensitivity to fungal antigen, exerts a crucial role to induce these changes

Prefecture-level Social Capital in Japan : An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Taking a holistic and interdisciplinary approach, this study examines prefecture-level social capital in Japan in terms of its relationships with numerous variables including demographic, environmental, public health, and socio-economic indicators. The ecologic study design was adopted whereby regression analyses and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient were carried out to appraise the goodness of fit and inter-variable relationships. The results illuminated the relative fitness and negative correlation between bonding social capital, on the one hand, and the “Ratio of never-married population (male; 30-34 years of age)” as well as that for never-married males in the age bracket of 45 to 49, respectively, on the other. In effect, the former variable, males in the age bracket of 30 to 34, showed the highest values both in terms of R2 and rs. Moreover, from the perspective of public health and safety, the results between bonding social capital and “Ratio of felonies to criminal cases” were also critical for their potential applicability for effective public policy planning. It is also remarkable that “Ratio of psychiatric patients per full-time physician” was the only variable that resulted in a notable outcome with bridging social capital, out of the total of 429 variables

A STUDY ON GRADING CURVE AND EFFECTIVE DIAMETER OF SOIL

ArticleJournal of the Shinshu University. 2: 119-129(1952)departmental bulletin pape

ON COEFFICIENTS OF PERMEABILITY OF SAND-LAYERS

In this paper, the writer observed the coefficient of form in the percolation formulae of effective size-type from the point of view of the grading and made its negotiability greater by his Then, he got an approximate effective diameter of the specific-area-type (so-called Zunker's type) from the grading curve and showed graphically a method to get the coefficient of permeability in Darcy's law. This method includes porosity, coefficient of form of grain and form of grading curve, and, therefore, it has more reliability than Hazen's formula.ArticleJournal of the Shinshu University. 3: 1-9(1953)departmental bulletin pape

Alteration in Murine Epidermal Langerhans Cell Population by Various UV Irradiations: Quantitative and Morphologic Studies on the Effects of Various Wavelengths of Monochromatic Radiation on Ia-Bearing Cells

The present study was undertaken in order to clarify the exact mode of the Langerhans cell (LC) depleting process caused by UV irradiation. Following irradiation with a single dose of various wavelengths of monochromatic UV radiation (UVR), we studied the number of Ia-positive cells in mouse epidermal sheets quantitatively, particularly with regard to dose-response relationship, action spectrum, and time course change. In addition, we studied morphologic alterations of these cells using electron- and immunoelectron microscopy (EM and IEM).We obtained the following results after a single dose of UVB radiation (200 mJ/cm2 of 300 nm) or PUVA (1% of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) 20 μ1 and 1 J/cm2 of 360 nm): (1) EM and IEM showed that while some LCs simply lost their Ia marker without any structural alterations, the majority of the LCs disappeared due to actual cell damage. (2) During an ‘injury phase,” the initial 48 h, and a “recovery phase,” lasting from 4–14 days after irradiation, enlargement of the size of remaining Ia-positive LCs occurred. The degree of enlargement was closely related to the degree of reduction in number, suggesting a process compensating for the loss of the LC population. (3) It was found that the recovery rate of LCs after irradiation damage was slower than that of keratinocytes, indicating different cell kinetics between these distinct cell populations in the epidermis, i.e., restoration of LCs after irradiation seems to be achieved at least partially through a repopulation process originating in the bone marrow.Studies with irradiation of various monochromatic wavebands, with or without topical 8-MOP, showed that the action spectrum for Ia-positive cell depletion activity lay within the spectrum shorter than 300 nm for UVR alone, and between 320–380 nm for 8-MOP plus UVR. Since the action spectra were similar to those for keratinocyte damage, i.e., sunburn cell formation, induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis, and to those for UVR-induced erythema, we conclude that common mechanisms underlie these types of tissue damage

Development of J-Assist, a statistical analysis support tool for Julia

Julia is a new programming language that was released in 2012. Similar to Python, in the future, Julia has the potential for use in numerical analysis applications. In this study, we developed a free software named J-Assist that automatically executes statistical analysis operations in Julia version 1.4, which could introduce and popularize Julia among researchers and clinicians in the field of health and medical welfare. J-Assist provides a simple graphical user interface and is easy to install. Through this study, we demonstrate that it is possible to configure a system that automatically executes calculations and scripts in Julia. We compare J-Assist with EZR and Jupyter Notebook. J-Assist can be considered a simpler version of EZR. However, the execution languages used in J-Assist and EZR are different. J-Assist is intended for users who are new to Julia and programming and want to use Julia for quick statistical analysis; by contrast, Jupyter Notebook is suitable for users who want to develop complex programs and perform other complex analyses in Julia. This study also discusses the limitations of the current J-Assist software and functions that might be added to it in the future to expand its applicability for statistical analysis

SOCIAL CAPITAL, MALARIA, AND HEALTH IN SOLOMON

Social capital and health have drawn much attention in public health. Employing three models, this study examines relationships between vertical/horizontal/comprehensive social capital, self-rated health, malaria infection, as well as health-related behaviors/attitudes. In Model 1, odds ratios were calculated to scrutinize the relationships between component variables of social capital and “Self-rated health,” one by one. In Model 2, the variable “Health,” which combined “Self-rated health” and malaria infection, was used in lieu of “Self-rated health” in Model 1. Lastly, Model 3 utilized three composite measures of social capital and examined their associations with health, and health-related behaviors/attitudes. Model 1 highlighted associations between some of the components of vertical social capital and self-rated health, whereas, in Model 2, it was elucidated that some of the constituent factors classified as horizontal social capital have significant relationships with “Health.” The most comprehensive approach in this study, Model 3, found significant associations between: Horizontal Social Capital (HSC) and “Health”; HSC and infection with malaria; and Vertical Social Capital (VSC) and malaria infection. In addition, Comprehensive Social Capital (CSC) and “Health,” CSC and malaria infection, and, finally, CSC and “Feeling threatened by malaria in the community” were found to be significantly associated. In conclusion, the three methods employed in this study indicated some significant associations between social capital (or its components) and health outcomes in general and social capital and malaria infection in particular. It is noteworthy that Model 3 resulted in demonstrating significant relationships between HSC, VSC, respectively on the one hand, and malaria infection, on the other. Hence, developing social capital should possibly help deal with or reduce malaria infection, particularly in nations where other resources are scarce