Effets de la fréquence d'excitation sur l'uniformité du plasma dans les réacteurs capacitifs grande surface.

Low-pressure capacitive discharges are routinely used in the flat panel industry for deposition of thin films on large-area substrates. Deposition rates may also be increased by increasing the excitation frequency, typically from 13.56 MHz, up to 120 MHz (Very High Frequency), which provides higher-density plasmas with low-energy ions. However, strong non-uniformities of plasma production are expected in capacitive discharges if the excitation wavelength becomes comparable to the reactor size (standing-wave effect). Ion flux and ion energy uniformity measurements were carried out in a large-area square capacitive discharge driven at frequencies between 13.56 MHz and 81.36 MHz in argon gas up to 200 mTorr. At high frequency, the ion flux is non-uniform due to the standing wave effect. Ion energy is uniform in the same conditions. The influence of gaz pressure and composition is also investigated.Les décharges capacitives basse pression sont couramment utilisées dans l'industrie des écrans plats pour le dépôt de couches minces sur des substrats de plus en plus grande surface. L'augmentation de la fréquence d'excitation (typiquement de 13.56 MHz à 200 MHz) produit des sources denses avec des ions peu énergétiques conduisant à l'augmentation de la vitesse des procédés. Cependant, les modèles théoriques prévoient de fortes non-uniformités du dépôt de puissance dans la décharge lorsque la longueur d'onde d'excitation est comparable à la taille du réacteur. Nous avons réalisé des mesures d'uniformité du flux d'ions et de l'énergie des ions dans une décharge capacitive carrée grande surface excitée de 13.56 MHz à 81.36 MHz dans l'argon jusqu'à 200 mTorr. A haute fréquence, le flux d'ions est fortement non uniforme à cause de l'effet d'onde stationnaire. L'énergie des ions est uniforme dans les mêmes conditions. L'influence de la pression et du mélange de gaz est aussi investiguée

Geolocation and monitoring platform for extensive farming in mountain pastures

ISBN : 978-1-4799-7799-4International audienceNowadays, interconnected ubiquitous objects are more and more present in different applications as a technical solution to collect, every time and everywhere, great amounts of data which are accessible through the Internet. One interesting area of application is the monitoring of cattle, in order not only to improve the farming working conditions but also to better know the behavior of the animals. In this work, a geolocation and monitoring platform oriented to extensive farming in mountain environments is presented. The proposed solution is composed of low power long range communication geolocation devices and a dedicated interface, accessible by means of different portable devices, which allows users to access and study the collected data

DISPOSITIF DE SUSPENSION A DISPOSITIF ELECTROMAGNETIQUE INTEGRE DE RECUPERATION D'ENERGIE

L'invention concerne un dispositif de suspension d'un équipage mobile tel qu'au moins une roue par rapport à un châssis - notamment un châssis de véhicule - comprenant un amortisseur linéaire incorporant un dispositif de récupération d'énergie comprenant une pluralité de bobinages (33) logés à l'intérieur du corps (13) d'amortisseur, et un circuit électrique de liaison des différents bobinages (33) entre eux, et une succession d'aimants (43) permanents portés par la tige (16) d'amortisseur, ladite succession d'aimants (43) permanents et lesdits bobinages (33) étant agencés de telle sorte que le déplacement axial relatif de la tige (16) et des aimants (43) permanents dans les bobinages (33) induit une tension électrique dans ces derniers

Démonstrateur de "Quart de véhicule" à l'échelle 1/5

National audienceLa société SOBEN, à Cahors, spécialiste en amortisseurs automobiles et aéronautiques de hautes performances, a développé un démonstrateur " Quart de Véhicule " à l'échelle 1/5ème destiné à l'enseignement supérieur tel que les universités et les écoles d'ingénieurs. L'optimisation des suspensions est l'un des défis actuels dont les constructeurs automobiles doivent répondre en proposant des solutions innovantes et performantes incluant l'électronique dans leurs conceptions. De part ses nombreuses fonctionnalités, ce démonstrateur va permettre aux étudiants de traiter de nombreux sujets d'études multi-domaines mêlant l'automatique, la mécanique, mais aussi la gestion et la récupération d'énergie au travers d'un récupérateur d'énergie externe

From functional analysis to energy harvesting system design: application to car suspension

In the context of global energy demand increase, working on energy efficiency is essential. This paper deals with energy harvesting on car suspensions. In order to have a real added value, some criteria must be considered: the need to design a system that would be easily integrated into cars, the possibility to locally use the recovered energy to add new functionalities that can improve the security or the comfort of the car, and the necessity to not degrade and, if possible, to improve (semi-active or active dampers) the performances of the suspension. From the mechanical point of view, the functional analysis is used to define and to characterize the main suspension parts, to investigate the connexions and the energy flows and to identify the key elements for energy recovery. Then, quarter car and half car models implemented with Matlab/Simulink software are presented in order to evaluate the quantity of energy that could be recovered. Three locations are presented and evaluated. Simulations results will finally give an overview on the implementation opportunities

Modeling of an Electromechanical Energy Harvesting System using an Linear Movement

National audienceThe complexity of today's vehicles is constantly increasing with new devices enhancing safety or comfort. Unfortunately, these new devices need energy to operate and sometimes their installation and, more precisely, their wiring is difficult because of moving parts or it complicates maintenance activities. This abstract presents the design, modeling and bench experiments of an energy recovery system that can be easily integrated in a car suspension. This work is the result of the collaboration between SOBEN company and ESTIA Recherche

MODELING OF AN ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM INTEGRATED IN CAR DAMPERS

International audienceThe complexity of today's vehicles is constantly increasing with new devices enhancing safety or comfort. Unfortunately, these new devices need energy to operate and sometimes their installation and more precisely their wiring is difficult because of moving parts or it complicates maintenance activities. This is the case for the anti-lock braking system (ABS). These systems require energy to power the sensors that allow them to measure the rotating speed of the wheels, but the sensors must be installed on the un-sprung mass side. This article presents an energy recovery system that can be easily integrated in a conventional shock absorber. This work is the result of a collaboration between the company SOBEN and ESTIA Recherche

Diseñando el coche eléctrico en clave medioambiantal

Article paru dans la revue "Energias Renovables". Bilan du projet européen Green-Car Eco-Design.Las ventajas económicas del vehículo eléctrico (VE) son de sobra conocidas. Las medioambientales menos. El proyecto europeo Green-Car Eco-Design, realizado entre 2011 y 2013 y en el que han participado siete institutos y centros technológicos europeos, ha consistido, precisamente, en incluir esta variable medioambiental durante el proceso de diseño y desarrollo de los componentes principales del VE y aumentar, así, el conocimiento de este impacto a lo largo de su ciclo de vida

Diseñando el coche eléctrico en clave medioambiantal

Article paru dans la revue "Energias Renovables". Bilan du projet européen Green-Car Eco-Design.Las ventajas económicas del vehículo eléctrico (VE) son de sobra conocidas. Las medioambientales menos. El proyecto europeo Green-Car Eco-Design, realizado entre 2011 y 2013 y en el que han participado siete institutos y centros technológicos europeos, ha consistido, precisamente, en incluir esta variable medioambiental durante el proceso de diseño y desarrollo de los componentes principales del VE y aumentar, así, el conocimiento de este impacto a lo largo de su ciclo de vida

From functional analysis to energy harvesting system design: application to car suspension

International audienceIn the context of global energy demand increase, working on energy efficiency is essential. This paper deals with energy harvesting on car suspensions. In order to have a real added value, some criteria must be considered: the need to design a system that would be easily integrated into cars, the possibility to locally use the recovered energy to add new functionalities that can improve the security or the comfort of the car, and the necessity to not degrade and, if possible, to improve (semi-active or active dampers) the performances of the suspension. From the mechanical point of view, the functional analysis is used to define and to characterize the main suspension parts, to investigate the connexions and the energy flows and to identify the key elements for energy recovery. Then, quarter car and half car models implemented with Matlab/Simulink software are presented in order to evaluate the quantity of energy that could be recovered. Three locations are presented and evaluated. Simulations results will finally give an overview on the implementation opportunities