Designing high sensitivity and high figure of merit SPR biosensor using copper and 2D material on CaF2 prism

This theoretical work proposed an ultra-high sensitive hybrid structure for modified Kretschmann configuration comprised of copper-2D material layer on CaF2 prism for biosensing applications through angular interrogation method. Here, it is reported that such a configuration in association with the low refractive index CaF2 prism provides major contribution for improving the sensitivity. Using 2D materials in the proposed configuration not only acts as a medium for trapping biomolecules but also protect copper from becoming oxidized. On the basis of transfer matrix method, the thickness of copper layer suitability and the number of 2D layers are optimized to achieve high sensitivity, small FWHM, and minimum reflectance. Numerical results shows that a well optimized structure can achieves outstanding results exhibiting sensitivity as high as 514°/RIU with high FOM as 208.09RIU−1. Hence, copper and well optimized 2D material coated on CaF2 prism can be an excellent approach in sensor design for detecting biomolecules

Physical and electrochemical properties of cobalt doped (ti,ru)O2 electrode coatings

The physical and electrochemical properties of ternary oxides Ti 0.7Ru0.3-xCoxO2 (x = 0.093 and x = 0) have been investigated and compared. Samples of three different thicknesses were prepared by spin-coating onto polished titanium to achieve uniform and well-defined coatings. The resulting electrodes were characterized with a variety of methods, including both physical and electrochemical methods. Doping with cobalt led to a larger number of micrometer-sized cracks in the coating, and coating grains half the size compared to the undoped samples (10 instead of 20 nm across). This is in agreement with a voltammetric charge twice as high, as estimated from cyclic voltammetry. There is no evidence of a Co 3O4 spinel phase, suggesting that the cobalt is mainly incorporated in the overall rutile structure of the (Ti,Ru)O2. The doped electrodes exhibited a higher activity for cathodic hydrogen evolution compared to the undoped electrodes, despite the fact that one third of the active ruthenium was substituted with cobalt. For anodic chlorine evolution, the activity was similar for both electrode types

Governance based on partnership with NGOs: Implications for development and empowerment in rural Bangladesh

10.1177/0020852304044255International Review of Administrative Sciences702271-29