Analyse und Vergleich von Prüfnormen und Prüfverfahren für Glasfassaden unter extremer Einwirkung

Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Prüfverfahren von Verglasungsprodukten, die im Bauwesen Anwendung finden, und die zugehörigen Prüfnormen. Es zeigt sich, dass für Glas und Glaserzeugnisse im Hinblick auf extreme Einwirkungssituationen diverse Prüfverfahren genormt sind, um die Widerstandsfähigkeit der Produkte zu klassifizieren. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei die Vorschriften für Sprengwirkungshemmung und Beschusshemmung, die für den baulichen Schutz eine besondere Rolle spielen. Im Artikel werden daher Prüfverfahren im Hinblick auf ihre Anwendbarkeit vorgestellt und Lückenaufgezeigt, die sich aus der Praxis der Prüfungen ergeben. Insbesondere wird auf die Analysemethoden zur Bewertung der Sprengwirkungshemmung von Verglasungsprodukten, wie Fenster, Türen und Fassaden, eingegangen. Darüber hinauserfolgt ein kurzer Abriss über Möglichkeiten des konstruktiven Glasbaus und den aktiven Möglichkeiten der Realisierung von sicheren Glasstrukturen

Numerical simulations for classification of blast loaded laminated glass: possibilities, limitations and recommendations

It is important to protect critical buildings (shopping centres, government buildings and embassies), infrastructure and utilities, train and underground stations against being damaged, destroyed or disrupted by deliberate acts of terrorism, criminal activity and malicious behaviour. Normal regulations and building guidelines do not generally take into account these threats. The introduction of appropriate regulations or guidelines, where deemed necessary, should, enhance the resilience of buildings and infrastructure against explosion incidents. In order to protect the built infrastructure, methods are required to quantify the resistance of structural components against explosive loading and to assess the hazards resulting from the failure of an element. The applicable state-of-the-art techniques may include either experimental or numerical methods, or a combination of both. Therefore, the thematic group (TG) on the resistance of structures to explosion effects was formed in order to bring the required expertise together, make it commonly available and to find and define harmonised methods and solutions which can be provided to the decision-makers responsible for critical infrastructure protection. The current report summarizes existing best practices for the numerical finite element modelling of blast loading, including the important topics of domain discretisation, implicit/explicit formulation, Lagrangian/Eulerian solvers, the mathematical description of the material behaviour etc. Furthermore recommendations for the modelling of laminated glass elements are formulated and knowledge gaps in this application area are pointed out. Hence the report builds the basis for an actual evaluation of the different numerical methods, their suitability to certain problems, and their capability to support/complement the experimental testing of glass components. It thus provides helpful information to design architects and engineers, and more generally to critical infrastructure stakeholders, responsible for the structural integrity and security of the infrastructure in case of an explosion

A comparison of existing standards for testing blast resistant glazing and windows

It is important to protect critical buildings (shopping centres, government buildings and embassies), infrastructure and utilities, train and underground stations against being damaged, destroyed or disrupted by deliberate acts of terrorism, criminal activity and malicious behaviour. Normal regulations and building guidelines do not generally take into account these threats. The introduction of appropriate regulations or guidelines, where deemed necessary, should, enhance the resilience of buildings and infrastructure against explosion incidents. In order to protect the built infrastructure, methods are required to quantify the resistance of structural components against explosive loading and to assess the hazards resulting from the failure of an element. The applicable state of-the-art techniques may include either experimental or numerical methods, or a combination of both. Therefore, the thematic group (TG) on the resistance of structures to explosion effects was formed in order to bring the required expertise together, make it commonly available and to find and define harmonised methods and solutions which can be provided to the decision-makers responsible for critical infrastructure protection. This report discusses the differences between the existing standards for testing blast resistant glazing and windows and presents basic recommendations for the future development of the suite of European standards in this area

Recommendations for a new generation of standards for testing numerical assessment of blast-loaded glass windows

The determination of the blast protection level of civil engineering buildings components against explosive effects represents a design topic of crucial importance, in current practice. However, some key aspects of blast resistant structures design have been only marginally considered in the last decade, and currently still require appropriate regulations. This is especially true in the case of glass windows and facades, where the intrinsic material brittleness is the major influencing parameter for blast-resistant assemblies. While blast assessment of buildings and systems is usually achieved by means of experimental investigations, as well as Finite-Element numerical simulations, general regulations and guidelines are currently missing. In this regard, the European Reference Network for Critical Infrastructure Protection - Task Group (ERNCIP-TG) \u201cResistance of Structures to Explosion Effects\u201d attempts to develop guidelines and recommendations aimed to harmonise test procedures in experimental testing of glass windows under blast, as well as standardized approaches for their vulnerability assessment via Finite Element numerical modelling. In this paper, major ERNCIP-TG outcomes and next challenges are briefly summarized

Recommendations for the improvement of existing European norms for testing the resistance of windows and glazed fa\ue7ades to explosive effects

It is important to protect critical buildings (shopping centres, government buildings and embassies), infrastructure and utilities, train and underground stations from being damaged, destroyed or disrupted by deliberate acts of terrorism, criminal activity and malicious behaviour. Normal regulations and building guidelines do not generally take into account these threats. The introduction of appropriate regulations or guidelines, where deemed necessary, should enhance the resilience of buildings and infrastructures against explosion incidents. In order to protect the built infrastructure, testing methods are required which can answer the question whether certain building elements can withstand certain loading conditions created by an explosive event. The applicable state-of-the-art techniques may include either experimental or numerical methods, or a combination of both. Therefore, the thematic group (TG) on the resistance of structures to explosion effects was formed in order to bring the required expertise together, to make it commonly available and to find and define harmonised methods and solutions which can be provided to the decision-makers responsible for critical infrastructure protection. The TG described in a fist report [JPC87202] the physical phenomena which have to be understood in order to ensure a proper testing of the elements and a correct interpretation of the results. In a second step, the differences between the existing standards for testing blast-resistant glazing and windows have been derived, and a basis for fundamental recommendations for the future development of the suite of European standards has been addressed [JRC94930]. Based on the prior findings, this report now formulates the proper enhancements of the existing standards in terms of actual recommendations for the improvement of the test standards

A set of essential requirements towards standardising the numerical simulation of blast-loaded windows and facades

The determination of the blast protection level of laminated glass windows and facades is of crucial importance, and it is normally done by using experimental investigations. In recent years numerical methods have become much more powerful also with respect to this kind of application. This report attempts to give a first idea of a possible standardisation concerning such numerical simulations. Attention is drawn to the representation of the blast loading and of the behaviour of the material of the mentioned products, to the geometrical meshing, as well as to the modelling of the connections of the glass components to the main structure. The need to validate the numerical models against reliable experimental data, some of which are indicated, is underlined

Suggestions for adaptations of existing European norms for testing the resistance of windows and glazed fa\ue7ades to explosive effects

It is important to protect critical infrastructure buildings, such as shopping centres, government buildings and embassies as well as structures of traffic infrastructure (networks and utilities) from being damaged, destroyed or disrupted by deliberate acts of terrorism, criminal activity and malicious behaviour. Normal regulations and building guidelines do not generally take into account these unexpected threats. The introduction of appropriate regulations or guidelines, where deemed necessary, should enhance the resilience of buildings and infrastructures against explosion incidents. In order to protect the built infrastructure, testing methods are required which can answer the question as to whether specific building elements can withstand extraordinary high loading conditions created by an explosive event. The applicable state-of-the-art techniques may include either experimental or numerical methods, or a combination of both. Therefore, the thematic group (TG) on the resistance of structures to explosion effects was formed in order to bring the required expertise, to make it accessible and to find and define harmonised methods and solutions which can be provided to the decision-makers responsible for critical infrastructure protection. The TG described in a first report [JRC87202] the physical phenomena which have to be understood in order to ensure proper testing of the building elements and correct interpretation of the results. In a second step, the differences between the existing standards for testing blast-resistant glazing and windows have been derived, and a basis for fundamental recommendations for the future development of the suite of European Standards has been addressed [JRC94930]. It describes recommendations for improvements of the current test standards. The report at hand takes the findings of the report [JRC94930] into account. It formulates suggestions for the implementation of improvements of existing testing standards for the evaluation of explosive resistance of security glazing products. New and adapted text passages are provided as suggestions for improvements. Thereby the structure and the format of the existing testing standards EN13123-1 and EN13124-1 were taken as the basis. Thus, the original formulations and the suggestions for adaptations are provided in one document. This document presents only the suggestions for the modifications of the shock tube testing procedure. The recommended modifications to the existing standards EN13123-2 and EN13124-2 for arena testing based on the findings of [JRC94930] will be presented in another document