12,154 research outputs found
Trust in the US-EU fruit and vegetable chain: Do US exporters understand EU importers?
Research on organizational and inter organizational trust has become an important field in management and marketing literature, as it is perceived as a pivotal aspect of business transactions. However, clarifications are still needed on the issue of whom we trust; is the person whom we are trading with trusted, or the organization, or just the productâquality? Not only has this question not been answered within this field of research, neither have cultural differences have been described to any great extent. Additionally, if the perceived factors important to establish trusting relationships may or may not be the same on the buyers and the sellers side in international business transaction in food chains. The primary objective of this research study therefore is to identify how well US exporters understand the elements of trust that establish strong relationships with EU importers. The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to evaluate the importance of different trust elements in interviews conducted with US exporters and EU importers of fruits and vegetables. Results are compared, providing both a picture of the important facets of trust, as well as whether the partners understand the perspectives of the other partner
Photoemission Spectra in t-J Ladders with Two Legs
Photoemission spectra for the isotropic two-leg t-J ladder are calculated at
various hole-doping levels using exact diagonalization techniques. Low-energy
sharp features caused by short-range antiferromagnetic correlations are
observed at finite doping levels close to half-filling, above the naive Fermi
momentum. These features should be observable in angle-resolved photoemission
experiments. In addition, the formation of a d-wave pairing condensate as the
ratio J/t is increased leads to dynamically generated spectral weight for
momenta close to where the -order parameter is large.Comment: 9 pages, RevTex, to be published in Phys. Rev. B (RC
Inductive Measurement of Optically Hyperpolarized Phosphorous Donor Nuclei in an Isotopically Enriched Silicon-28 Crystal
We experimentally demonstrate the first inductive readout of optically hyperpolarized phosphorus-31 donor nuclear spins in an isotopically enriched silicon-28 crystal. The concentration of phosphorus donors in the crystal was 1.5Ă1015ââcmâ3, 3 orders of magnitude lower than has previously been detected via direct inductive detection. The signal-to-noise ratio measured in a single free induction decay from a 1ââcm3 sample (â1015 spins) was 113. By transferring the sample to an X-band ESR spectrometer, we were able to obtain a lower bound for the nuclear spin polarization at 1.7 K of âŒ64%. The 31P-T2 measured with a Hahn echo sequence was 420 ms at 1.7 K, which was extended to 1.2 s with a Carr Purcell cycle. The T1 of the 31P nuclear spins at 1.7 K is extremely long and could not be determined, as no decay was observed even on a time scale of 4.5 h. Optical excitation was performed with a 1047 nm laser, which provided above-band-gap excitation of the silicon. The buildup of the hyperpolarization at 4.2 K followed a single exponential with a characteristic time of 577 s, while the buildup at 1.7 K showed biexponential behavior with characteristic time constants of 578 and 5670 s
Anisotropic Bose-Einstein condensates and completely integrable dynamical systems
A Gaussian ansatz for the wave function of two-dimensional harmonically
trapped anisotropic Bose-Einstein condensates is shown to lead, via a
variational procedure, to a coupled system of two second-order, nonlinear
ordinary differential equations. This dynamical system is shown to be in the
general class of Ermakov systems. Complete integrability of the resulting
Ermakov system is proven. Using the exact solution, collapse of the condensate
is analyzed in detail. Time-dependence of the trapping potential is allowed
8Be cluster emission versus alpha evaporation in 28Si + 12C
The possible occurence of highly deformed configurations in the Ca
di-nuclear system formed in the Si + C reaction is investigated
by analyzing the spectra of emitted light charged particles. Both inclusive and
exclusive measurements of the heavy fragments (A 10) and their
associated light charged particles (protons and particles) have been
made at the IReS Strasbourg {\sc VIVITRON} Tandem facility at bombarding
energies of (Si) = 112 MeV and 180 MeV by using the {\sc
ICARE} charged particle multidetector array. The energy spectra, velocity
distributions, in-plane and out-of-plane angular correlations of light charged
particles are compared to statistical-model calculations using a consistent set
of parameters with spin-dependent level densities. This spin dependence
approach suggests the onset of large nuclear deformation in Ca at high
spin. This conclusion might be connected with the recent observation of
superdeformed bands in the Ca nucleus. The analysis of
particles in coincidence with S fragments suggests a surprisingly strong
Be cluster emission of a binary nature.Comment: 39 pages 15 figure
Search for emission of unstable Be clusters from hot Ca and Ni nuclei
The possible occurence of highly deformed configurations is investigated in
the Ca and Ni di-nuclear systems as formed in the Si +
C and Si + Si reactions, respectively, by using the
properties of emitted light charged particles. Inclusive as well as exclusive
data of the heavy fragments (A 6) and their associated light charged
particles (p, d, t, and -particles) have been collected at the IReS
Strasbourg VIVITRON Tandem facility with two bombarding energies
Si) = 112 and 180 MeV by using the ICARE charged particle
multidetector array, which consists of nearly 40 telescopes. The measured
energy spectra, velocity distributions, in-plane and out-of-plane angular
correlations are analysed by Monte Carlo CASCADE statistical-model calculations
using a consistent set of parameters with spin-dependent level densities.
Although significant deformation effects at high spin are needed, the remaining
disagreement observed in the Si + C reaction for the S
evaporation residue suggests an unexpected large unstable Be cluster
emission of a binary nature.Comment: 13 pages latex, 9 eps figures. Paper presented at the XXXIX
International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics, Bormio(Italy) January 22-27,
2001 (to be published at Ricerca Scientifica ed Educazione Permanente
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