William Hughes Mulligan to John D. Feerick

Letter from Fordham Law School Dean William Hughes Mulligan to Dean John D. Feerick, regarding his scholarly article on presidential inability.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/twentyfifth_amendment_correspondence/1022/thumbnail.jp

Organic small molecule field-effect transistors with Cytop(TM) gate dielectric: eliminating gate bias stress effects

We report on organic field-effect transistors with unprecedented resistance against gate bias stress. The single crystal and thin-film transistors employ the organic gate dielectric Cytop(TM). This fluoropolymer is highly water repellent and shows a remarkable electrical breakdown strength. The single crystal transistors are consistently of very high electrical quality: near zero onset, very steep subthreshold swing (average: 1.3 nF V/(dec cm2)) and negligible current hysteresis. Furthermore, extended gate bias stress only leads to marginal changes in the transfer characteristics. It appears that there is no conceptual limitation for the stability of organic semiconductors in contrast to hydrogenated amorphous silicon.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Appl. Phys. Let

Labour market dynamics from a regional perspective: the multi-account system

"In the last years the analysis of flow figures turned out to highly informative for labour market research and policy advice. Among researchers it is a well known fact that cross-sectional information about labour market is not sufficient to understand ungoing development. A pure sequence of employment and unemployment figures would hide the turnover in the market. Here we follow the useful analytical framework of transitional labour markets dealing centrally with flow figures. By developing the multiaccount system (MAS) we go some steps ahead compared to indicators like job and labour turnover rates. First we combine the information of administrative data of the micro level with macro data containing pupils, self employed, retired persons. Embedded in an external framework, which is given by demography (birth, death, moving in and out), the MAS describes the transition process of the labour market on the regional level and contains all 180 local employment agencies in Germany. The multiaccount system thus serves as a basis for strategically aligning each agency with the individual local situation of the labour market by explicitly taking into account the regional specifics. Thus it helps for future strategic decisions of active labour market policy. The creation of models for supporting regional monitoring and benchmarking is already far advanced and initial basic versions are tested in practice. For estimating the unknown transitions of the data matrix we use a new algorithm the so called ADETON tool, which has the additional merit comparing to other entropy maximizing methods, that constraints can be formulated in a fuzzy way rather than exactly. Further we demonstrate on the basis of the agency Heilbronn some practice and numerical examples. Thus we present transitions into and out of unemployment and also from vocational training to employment. We believe that the analytical potential of this instrument is not yet exhausted. In any event, it is already clear that the information content of this model by far exceeds that of a system of individual indicators. Details and relations of the regional labour market become apparent which show a high-resolution image of possible obsolete structures or increasing labour market dynamics. The model thus gives clear hints as to the scope and limits of the active labour market policy." (author's abstract

Accuracy of Patient-Specific Organ Dose Estimates Obtained Using an Automated Image Segmentation Algorithm

The overall goal of this work is to develop a rapid, accurate, and automated software tool to estimate patient-specific organ doses from computed tomography (CT) scans using simulations to generate dose maps combined with automated segmentation algorithms. This work quantified the accuracy of organ dose estimates obtained by an automated segmentation algorithm. We hypothesized that the autosegmentation algorithm is sufficiently accurate to provide organ dose estimates, since small errors delineating organ boundaries will have minimal effect when computing mean organ dose. A leave-one-out validation study of the automated algorithm was performed with 20 head-neck CT scans expertly segmented into nine regions. Mean organ doses of the automatically and expertly segmented regions were computed from Monte Carlo-generated dose maps and compared. The automated segmentation algorithm estimated the mean organ dose to be within 10% of the expert segmentation for regions other than the spinal canal, with the median error for each organ region below 2%. In the spinal canal region, the median error was -7%, with a maximum absolute error of 28% for the single-atlas approach and 11% for the multiatlas approach. The results demonstrate that the automated segmentation algorithm can provide accurate organ dose estimates despite some segmentation errors