42,409 research outputs found
Entanglement witnesses arising from Choi type positive linear maps
We construct optimal PPTES witnesses to detect PPT entangled
edge states of type constructed recently \cite{kye_osaka}. To do this,
we consider positive linear maps which are variants of the Choi type map
involving complex numbers, and examine several notions related to optimality
for those entanglement witnesses. Through the discussion, we suggest a method
to check the optimality of entanglement witnesses without the spanning
property.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Universality classes and crossover behaviors in non-Abelian directed sandpiles
We study universality classes and crossover behaviors in non-Abelian directed
sandpile models, in terms of the metastable pattern analysis. The non-Abelian
property induces spatially correlated metastable patterns, characterized by the
algebraic decay of the grain density along the propagation direction of an
avalanche. Crossover scaling behaviors are observed in the grain density due to
the interplay between the toppling randomness and the parity of the threshold
value. In the presence of such crossovers, we show that the broadness of the
grain distribution plays a crucial role in resolving the ambiguity of the
universality class. Finally, we claim that the metastable pattern analysis is
important as much as the conventional analysis of avalanche dynamics.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; published in PRE as the full paper of
PRL v101, 218001 (2008
Horizon Mass Theorem
A new theorem for black holes is found. It is called the horizon mass
theorem. The horizon mass is the mass which cannot escape from the horizon of a
black hole. For all black holes: neutral, charged or rotating, the horizon mass
is always twice the irreducible mass observed at infinity. Previous theorems on
black holes are: 1. the singularity theorem, 2. the area theorem, 3. the
uniqueness theorem, 4. the positive energy theorem. The horizon mass theorem is
possibly the last general theorem for classical black holes. It is crucial for
understanding Hawking radiation and for investigating processes occurring near
the horizon.Comment: A new theorem for black holes is establishe
Collective Dynamics of Random Polyampholytes
We consider the Langevin dynamics of a semi-dilute system of chains which are
random polyampholytes of average monomer charge and with a fluctuations in
this charge of the size and with freely floating counter-ions in the
surrounding. We cast the dynamics into the functional integral formalism and
average over the quenched charge distribution in order to compute the dynamic
structure factor and the effective collective potential matrix. The results are
given for small charge fluctuations. In the limit of finite we then find
that the scattering approaches the limit of polyelectrolyte solutions.Comment: 13 pages including 6 figures, submitted J. Chem. Phy
Stiff polymer in monomer ensemble
We make use of the previously developed formalism for a monomer ensemble and
include angular dependence of the segments of the polymer chains thus
described. In particular we show how to deal with stiffness when the polymer
chain is confined to certain regions. We investigate the stiffness from the
perspectives of a differential equation, integral equations, or recursive
relations for both continuum and lattice models. Exact analytical solutions are
presented for two cases, whereas numerical results are shown for a third case.Comment: 10 pages, including 6 figure
Large magnetoresistance using hybrid spin filter devices
A magnetic "spin filter" tunnel barrier, sandwiched between a non-magnetic
metal and a magnetic metal, is used to create a new magnetoresistive tunnel
device, somewhat analogous to an optical polarizer-analyzer configuration. The
resistance of these trilayer structures depends on the relative magnetization
orientation of the spin filter and the ferromagnetic electrode. The spin
filtering in this configuration yields a previously unobserved
magnetoresistance effect, exceeding 100%.Comment: 3.5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Appl. Phys. Let
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