Cranberry Institute Update

Terry Humfeld, Executive Director of the Cranberry Institute was invited to present an update to the NACREW17 attendees

Studies on nitrification and its relation to crop production on Carrington loam under different treatment

In the summer of 1926 certain plots on the Agronomy Farm of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station were sampled four times and studies made on the amount of nitrates, moisture, and the reaction of the soils at the time of sampling and the nitrifying power of the soils as determined by three methods, (a) nitrification of the soils\u27 own nitrogen, (b) nitrification of ammonium sulfate and (c) nitrification of ammonium sulfate in the presence of calcium carbonate. The reaction of the soils was also determined after the 30 days of incubation. The following conclusions seem to be justified from this study: 1. The amount of moisture was not affected by the crop rotations used nor by the various soil treatments. Neither did the variations in moisture content which occurred in these soils have any appreciable effect on the crop yields or on their nitrifying power. 2. The crop rotations on the Carrington loam did not seem to affect appreciably the nitrifying power of the soils from plots which were left untreated for 12 years nor those which were manured, manured and limed, or treated with crop residues and lime. 3. The application of manure alone did not increase the nitrifying power of the Carrington loam. 4. The soils from the three-year rotation corn plots showed the largest amount of nitrates present at the various times of sampling and the highest nitrifying power when this was measured by the nitrification of the soils\u27 own nitrogen. 5. Definite correlations were obtained between the crop yields, the nitrifying power and the reaction of the soils after incubation, when the nitrifying power of the soil was tested by measuring the nitrification of ammonium sulfate. The reaction of the soils at the time of sampling also correlated with the nitrifying power of the soils as determined by this method. 6. Perfect correlations were not obtained between the nitrifying power of the soils and crop yields\u27 when the test was made by measuring the nitrification of ammonium sulfate in the presence of CaCO3, altho the soils all showed a high nitrifying power in all cases where the crop yields were high. 7. The nitrifying power of all of the soils was shown to be greater when calcium carbonate was used with the ammonium sulfate in the nitrification test. 8. The soils from plots which had been limed in the field showed the highest nitrifying power, and hence there seemed to be a definite correlation between the reaction of the soils and their nitrifying powers

The Significance of the Hydrogen-Ion Concentration in Soil Nitrification Studies

Although considerable work has been reported in the literature which shows some correlation between nitrification and the crop-producing power of soils, very little attention has been given to the significance of the soil reaction in nitrification studies. The object of this paper is to consider this problem and data are presented which show the relation of the reaction of the soil or its hydrogen-ion concentration to its nitrifying capacity

Temperature-dependent preferences for advertisement-call frequency in females of Hyla versicolor

Abstract only availableMale treefrogs produce loud and persistent acoustic signals called advertisement calls to attract mates. Ectothermic animals like frogs face an interesting challenge, in that temperature can significantly impact characteristics of the species-specific advertisement call. The mate-choice preferences of female gray treefrogs (H. versicolor) have been extensively studied (reviewed by Gerhardt & Huber 2002). It has been found that females prefer calls with standard frequency peaks of 1.1 kHz + 2.2 kHz over calls with higher and lower frequencies at 20º C. However, it is not known how this preference is affected by temperature. To determine whether acoustic preferences based on frequency are temperature-dependent, I collected female frogs during their breeding season and tested them in a temperature-controlled anechoic testing chamber. I generated ten different computer-synthesized advertisement calls that ranged in frequency between 0.55 + 1.1 kHz to 1.5 + 3.0 kHz. In two-speaker choice tests conducted at three different temperatures (15º C, 20º C and 25º C), females "chose" (moved within 10 cm of a speaker) between a call with standard frequency peaks of 1.1 + 2.2 kHz and one of the nine alternative calls. Preliminary results indicate the preferred frequencies appeared to remain 1.1 + 2.2 kHz at lower temperatures. However, at higher temperatures, female frogs were more likely to approach high-frequency calls. These results will be discussed in the context of known temperature-dependent physiological processes in the inner ear of frogs.NIH grant to H.C. Gerhard

Red Moon

Illustration of a Native American in profile against a red moon.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/4304/thumbnail.jp

STOMP by John Corigliano: A Wind Band Transcription

John Corigliano Jr. is a prolific American composer whose compositional voice has been an important reference for generations of musicians. His innovative writing for wind band, support of band transcriptions, and endorsement of band as a progressive medium in our field make any work of his an important part of the repertoire. Transcriptions have been an invaluable part of wind band music since the nineteenth century, and bands will continue to play transcriptions of music by significant composers for many years to come. Corigliano’s music for orchestra lends itself well to transcriptions for wind band, and they have already been welcomed into the repertoire by the wind band community. This transcription of STOMP for wind ensemble seeks to join the canon of wind band repertoire and to expose new generations of musicians to the music of one of the most celebrated composers of his time