Hypoglycaemia detection using fuzzy inference system with multi-objective double wavelet mutation Differential Evolution

In this paper, a fuzzy inference system (FIS) is developed to recognize hypoglycaemic episodes. Hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose level) is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy for patients with diabetes. We measure some physiological parameters continuously to provide hypoglycaemia detection for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) patients. The FIS captures the relationship between the inputs of heart rate (HR), corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal (QTc), change of HR, change of QT c and the output of hypoglycaemic episodes to perform the classification. An algorithm called Differential Evolution with Double Wavelet Mutation (DWM-DE) is introduced to optimize the FIS parameters that govern the membership functions and fuzzy rules. DWM-DE is an improved Differential Evolution algorithm that incorporates two wavelet-based operations to enhance the optimization performance. To prevent the phenomenon of overtraining (over-fitting), a validation approach is proposed. Moreover, in this problem, two targets of sensitivity and specificity should be met in order to achieve good performance. As a result, a multi-objective optimization using DWM-DE is introduced to perform the training of the FIS. Experiments using the data of 15 children with TIDM (569 data points) are studied. The data are randomly organized into a training set with 5 patients (199 data points), a validation set with 5 patients (177 data points) and a testing set with 5 patients (193 data points). The result shows that the proposed FIS tuned by the multi-objective DWM-DE can offer good performance of doing classification. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

A Novel Load Shedding Strategy Combining Undervoltage and Underfrequency with Considering of High Penetration of Wind Energy

Low carbon emission is one of the main targets for smart grid planning. To achieve this goal, intermittent energies such as wind and solar are integrated to the power systems increasingly. However, this may create huge challenges to the power system operators for balancing the generation and demand at all times and guaranteeing the system reliability at the same time. With high penetration of renewable energies, power system operators are compelled to curtail the loads when the power system cannot rely on power from renewable energies continuously due to strong dependence on the environment. As an important defense to protect the power network from collapsing and to keep the system integrating, load shedding has been designed and proposed for decades. However, most of the shedding schemes consider the load increasing instead of lack of generation. This paper applies a load shedding scheme with considering both voltage and frequency changes when the generation is inadequate since the power system cannot obtain the expected renewable generation and renewable energies are highly penetrated into the grid.State Grid Corporation of Chin

PAK4 phosphorylates p53 at serine 215 to promote liver cancer metastasis

PAK4 kinase contributes to signaling pathways controlling cancer cell transformation, invasion and survival, but its clinicopathological impact has begun to emerge only recently. Here we report that PAK4 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) conveys aggressive metastatic properties. A novel nuclear splice isoform of PAK4 lacking exon 2 sequences was isolated as part of our studies. By stably overexpressing or silencing PAK4 in HCC cells we showed that it was critical for their migration. Mechanistic investigations in this setting revealed that PAK4 directly phosphorylated p53 at S215, which not only attenuated transcriptional transactivation activity but also inhibited p53-mediated suppression of HCC cell invasion. Taken together, our results showed how PAK4 overexpression in HCC promotes metastatic invasion by regulating p53 phosphorylation.postprin

Investigation on July 2012 Indian blackout

Twice Indian blackouts occurred at the end of July in 2012 left over 600 million of people in the dark for several hours. In these two-day, Indian grid disturbances were regarded as the most serious and large-scale blackout in the world in history. A report has been generated by the enquiry committee which was organized by the Ministry of Power, Government of India, to investigate the factors which led to the initiation of the grid disturbance. Recommendations were also generated by the committee in order to provide the plan for Indian grid enhancement. Further to the recommendations by Enquiry Committee, this paper will give further suggestions to minimize blackouts in future. An insight into decision support requirement for power network operation will be made

Population Factors Affecting Initial Diffusion Patterns of H1N1

published_or_final_versio

Unique Regulatory Properties of Mesangial Cells Are Genetically Determined in the Rat

Mesangial cells are glomerular cells of stromal origin. During immune complex mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis (Crgn), infiltrating and proliferating pro-inflammatory macrophages lead to crescent formation. Here we have hypothesised that mesangial cells, given their mesenchymal stromal origin, show similar immunomodulatory properties as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), by regulating macrophage function associated with glomerular crescent formation. We show that rat mesangial cells suppress conA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation in vitro, as previously shown for MSCs. We then investigated mesangial cell-macrophage interaction by using mesangial cells isolated from nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN)-susceptible Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and NTN-resistant Lewis (LEW) rats. We first determined the mesangial cell transcriptome in WKY and LEW rats and showed that this is under marked genetic control. Supernatant transfer results show that WKY mesangial cells shift bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) phenotype to M1 or M2 according to the genetic background (WKY or LEW) of the BMDMs. Interestingly, these effects were different when compared to those of MSCs suggesting that mesangial cells can have unique immunomodulatory effects in the kidney. These results demonstrate the importance of the genetic background in the immunosuppressive effects of cells of stromal origin and specifically of mesangial cell-macrophage interactions in the pathophysiology of crescentic glomerulonephritis

An Early Warning System for Detecting H1N1 Disease Outbreak - A Spatio-temporal Approach

The outbreaks of new and emerging infectious diseases in recent decades have caused widespread social and economic disruptions in the global economy. Various guidelines for pandemic influenza planning are based upon traditional infection control, best practice and evidence. This article describes the development of an early warning system for detecting disease outbreaks in the urban setting of Hong Kong, using 216 confirmed cases of H1N1 influenza from 1 May 2009 to 20 June 2009. The prediction model uses two variables – daily influenza cases and population numbers – as input to the spatio-temporal and stochastic SEIR model to forecast impending disease cases. The fairly encouraging forecast accuracy metrics for the 1- and 2-day advance prediction suggest that the number of impending cases could be estimated with some degree of certainty. Much like a weather forecast system, the procedure combines technical and scientific skills using empirical data but the interpretation requires experience and intuitive reasoning.postprin