OPTIMALISASI BIROKRASI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI: UPAYA MENYEDIAKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI INDONESIA

This study aims to see how the government optimizes bureaucratic performance to help economic development and social welfare. The purpose of the bureaucracy in carrying out public services is to provide better services to the community so that people are happy with the services provided by the government. The process of economic development requires an efficient bureaucracy to maintain coordination between the government and the parties involved. In an effort to encourage community economic growth, the government must also carry out the process of making bureaucratic policies such as efficient socialization of programs. This study uses a qualitative analysis method with triangulation data analysis to make it easier to see the data. Based on the results of the analysis of this study, it seems that the government has streamlined the bureaucracy well. However, there are still problems in the bureaucratic process, as seen from the number of economies that grow from year to year, but this growth is unstable in the process of bureaucratic services carried out by the government, such as the high number of MSMEs in Indonesia.Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pemerintah mengoptimalkan kinerja birokrasi untuk membantu pembangunan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Tujuan birokrasi dalam menyelenggarakan pelayanan publik adalah untuk memberikan pelayanan yang lebih baik kepada masyarakat agar masyarakat senang dengan pelayanan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah. Proses pembangunan ekonomi membutuhkan birokrasi yang efisien untuk menjaga koordinasi antara pemerintah dan pihak-pihak yang terlibat. Dalam upaya mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat, pemerintah juga harus melakukan proses pembuatan kebijakan birokrasi seperti sosialisasi program yang efisien. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dengan analisis data triangulasi untuk memudahkan dalam melihat data. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian ini, terlihat bahwa pemerintah telah melakukan perampingan birokrasi dengan baik. Namun masih terdapat permasalahan dalam proses birokrasi, terlihat dari jumlah perekonomian yang tumbuh dari tahun ke tahun, namun pertumbuhan tersebut tidak stabil dalam proses pelayanan birokrasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah, seperti tingginya jumlah UMKM di Indonesia

Students' Difficulties In Speaking English

This research was conducted to study students' learning strategies to improve their speech skills as well as the differences between their learning strategies. In this study, data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. The researche assumed that one of the aspects of the speech skills development process is the learning strategies used by students. The results show Affective Strategies as evidenced by the calculation results, namely, an average value of 58.9% which is in first place. Followed by Memory Strategies with an average of 55.9% in second place. The next strategy in third place is Cognitive Strategies with an average of 54.3%. In fourth place is Compensation Strategies with 52.6% . And the last 2 are Metacognitive Strategies with an average of 49% and Social Strategies with an average of 49% which in this case gets a balanced calculation. That result of this research shows that some students have a better balance when using all types of learning strategies to increase them speech skills. On the other hand, other participants used other learning strategies thoughtfully and appropriately. Based on the research, it seems that students need to be trained to be more know their own language learning strategies. They must use appropriate language learning strategies more thoughtful, purposeful and always able to achieve greater success in developing their speech skills

STUDENTS' DIFFICULTIES IN SPEAKING ENGLISH

This research was conducted to study students' learning strategies to improve their speech skills as well as the differences between their learning strategies. In this study, data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. The researche assumed that one of the aspects of the speech skills development process is the learning strategies used by students. The results show Affective Strategies as evidenced by the calculation results, namely, an average value of 58.9% which is in first place. Followed by Memory Strategies with an average of 55.9% in second place. The next strategy in third place is Cognitive Strategies with an average of 54.3%. In fourth place is Compensation Strategies with 52.6% . And the last 2 are Metacognitive Strategies with an average of 49% and Social Strategies with an average of 49% which in this case gets a balanced calculation. That result of this research shows that some students have a better balance when using all types of learning strategies to increase them speech skills. On the other hand, other participants used other learning strategies thoughtfully and appropriately. Based on the research, it seems that students need to be trained to be more know their own language learning strategies. They must use appropriate language learning strategies more thoughtful, purposeful and always able to achieve greater success in developing their speech skills

Clinicopathological Profile and Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Single Centre Experience in Northwestern Tanzania.

Abdominal tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem worldwide and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to general surgeons practicing in resource-limited countries. This study was conducted to describe the clinicopathological profile and outcome of surgical treatment of abdominal tuberculosis in our setting and compare with what is described in literature. A prospective descriptive study of patients who presented with abdominal tuberculosis was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) in northwestern Tanzania from January 2006 to February 2012. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from relevant authorities. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0. Out of 256 patients enrolled in the study, males outnumbered females. The median age was 28 years (range = 16-68 years). The majority of patients (77.3%) had primary abdominal tuberculosis. A total of 127 (49.6%) patients presented with intestinal obstruction, 106 (41.4%) with peritonitis, 17 (6.6%) with abdominal masses and 6 (2.3%) patients with multiple fistulae in ano. Forty-eight (18.8%) patients were HIV positive. A total of 212 (82.8%) patients underwent surgical treatment for abdominal tuberculosis. Bands /adhesions (58.5%) were the most common operative findings. Ileo-caecal region was the most common bowel involved in 122 (57.5%) patients. Release of adhesions and bands was the most frequent surgical procedure performed in 58.5% of cases. Complication and mortality rates were 29.7% and 18.8% respectively. The overall median length of hospital stay was 32 days and was significantly longer in patients with complications (p < 0.001). Advanced age (age ≥ 65 years), co-morbid illness, late presentation, HIV positivity and CD4+ count < 200 cells/μl were statistically significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.0001). The follow up of patients were generally poor as only 37.5% of patients were available for follow up at twelve months after discharge. Abdominal tuberculosis constitutes a major public health problem in our environment and presents a diagnostic challenge requiring a high index of clinical suspicion. Early diagnosis, early anti-tuberculous therapy and surgical treatment of the associated complications are essential for survival

Metastatic myocardial abscess on the posterior wall of the left ventricle: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Myocardial abscess is a rare and potentially fatal condition. Metastatic myocardial abscess in the setting of infective endocarditis has been infrequently reported in the medical literature. To the best of the authors' knowledge no case of myocardial abscess affecting the free wall of the left ventricle secondary to infective endocarditis of a right-sided heart valve has been reported previously.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>and resulting in a myocardial abscess on the posterior wall of the left ventricle, far from the active valvular infection. We also briefly discuss the role of different investigation modalities including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing myocardial abscess.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Myocardial abscess is a life-threatening illness. A high index of clinical suspicion is required to make a prompt diagnosis. Final diagnosis may need multi-modality imaging. An early diagnosis, aggressive medical therapy, multidisciplinary care and timely surgical intervention may save life in this otherwise fatal condition.</p

Molecular imaging of glioblastoma multiforme using anti-insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 single-domain antibodies

BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is an abundant, selective and accessible biomarker of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumour vessels. In this study, an anti-IGFBP7 single-domain antibody (sdAb) was developed to target GBM vessels for molecular imaging applications. METHODS: Human GBM was modelled in mice by intracranial implantation of U87MG.EGFRvIII cells. An anti-IGFBP7 sdAb, isolated from an immune llama library by panning, was assessed in vitro for its binding affinity using surface plasmon resonance and by ex vivo immunobinding on mouse and human GBM tissue. Tumour targeting by Cy5.5-labelled anti-IGFBP7 sdAb as well as by anti-IGFBP7 sdAb conjugated to PEGylated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs)-Cy5.5 were assessed in U87MG.EGFRvIII tumour-bearing mice in vivo using optical imaging and in brain sections using fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS: Surface plasmon resonance analyses revealed a medium affinity (KD\ufffd40\ufffd50 nM) binding of the anti-IGFBP7 sdAb to the purified antigen. The anti-IGFBP7 sdAb also selectively bound to both mouse and human GBM vessels, but not normal brain vessels in tissue sections. In vivo, intravenously injected anti-IGFBP7 sdAb-Cy5.5 bound to GBM vessels creating high imaging signal in the intracranial tumour. Similarly, the anti-IGFBP7 sdAb-functionalised PEGylated Fe3O4 NP-Cy5.5 demonstrated enhanced tumour signal compared with non-targeted NPs. Fluorescent microscopy confirmed the presence of anti-IGFBP7 sdAb and anti-IGFBP7 sdAb- PEGylated Fe3O4 NPs selectively in GBM vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-IGFBP7 sdAbs are novel GBM vessel-targeting moieties suitable for molecular imaging.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Hydrodynamic Long-Time tails From Anti de Sitter Space

For generic field theories at finite temperature, a power-law falloff of correlation functions of conserved currents at long times is a prediction of non-linear hydrodynamics. We demonstrate, through a one-loop computation in Einstein gravity in Anti de Sitter space, that this effect is reproduced by the dynamics of black hole horizons. The result is in agreement with the gauge-gravity correspondence.Comment: 31 pages, references adde

Seasonality in pulmonary tuberculosis among migrant workers entering Kuwait

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is paucity of data on seasonal variation in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries contrary to recognized seasonality in the TB notification in western societies. This study examined the seasonal pattern in TB diagnosis among migrant workers from developing countries entering Kuwait.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Monthly aggregates of TB diagnosis results for consecutive migrants tested between January I, 1997 and December 31, 2006 were analyzed. We assessed the amplitude (<it>α</it>) of the sinusoidal oscillation and the time at which maximum (<it>θ</it>°) TB cases were detected using Edwards' test. The adequacy of the hypothesized sinusoidal curve was assessed by <it>χ</it>²goodness-of-fit test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During the 10 year study period, the proportion (per 100,000) of pulmonary TB cases among the migrants was 198 (4608/2328582), (95% confidence interval: 192 – 204). The adjusted mean monthly number of pulmonary TB cases was 384. Based on the observed seasonal pattern in the data, the maximum number of TB cases was expected during the last week of April (<it>θ</it>° = 112°; <it>P </it>< 0.001). The amplitude (± se) (<it>α </it>= 0.204 ± 0.04) of simple harmonic curve showed 20.4% difference from the mean to maximum TB cases. The peak to low ratio of adjusted number of TB cases was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.39 – 1.65). The <it>χ</it>²goodness-of-test revealed that there was no significant (<it>P </it>> 0.1) departure of observed frequencies from the fitted simple harmonic curve. Seasonal component explained 55% of the total variation in the proportions of TB cases (100,000) among the migrants.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This regularity of peak seasonality in TB case detection may prove useful to institute measures that warrant a better attendance of migrants. Public health authorities may consider re-allocation of resources in the period of peak seasonality to minimize the risk of <it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </it>infection to close contacts in this and comparable settings in the region having similar influx of immigrants from high TB burden countries. Epidemiological surveillance for the TB risk in the migrants in subsequent years and required chemotherapy of detected cases may contribute in global efforts to control this public health menace.</p