Estudos de consumo alimentar: aspectos metodológicos gerais e o seu emprego na avaliação de crianças e adolescentes Food consumption studies: general methodological aspects and its use in the evaluation of children and adolescents aged

Este artigo discute aspectos metodológicos dos estudos de consumo alimentar em crianças e adolescentes. Para compreender esses aspectos, descreve, em contexto mais amplo, a importância da Epidemiologia Nutricional no estudo descritivo da relação da dieta com o surgimento das enfermidades, bem como origem histórica, importância, vantagens, limitações e usos dos métodos empregados para medir a ingestão alimentar, especialmente em crianças e adolescentes, em estudos epidemiológicos populacionais. Apresenta ainda alguns trabalhos da literatura científica clássica e contemporânea, demonstrando os resultados obtidos e algumas sugestões para aperfeiçoamento desses métodos. Finalmente, evidencia os aspectos mais relevantes que, por consenso de vários pesquisadores, competem como fatores limitantes ou facilitadores no emprego desses métodos, conferindo a esses, maior validade e reprodutibilidade nos estudos de consumo alimentar de crianças e adolescentes.<br>This article discusses methodological aspects of food consumption studies in children and adolescents. To reach the understanding of these methods it provides the value of Nutritional Epidemiology in a general context through a descriptive study of diet relation with the manifestation of disease as well as historical origin, value, advantage, constraints and use of methods employed to measure food intake, especially in children and adolescents in population epidemiological studies. In addition, it presents classic and contemporaneous literature demonstrating results obtained and some suggestions to improve these methods. Finally, it discloses the more relevant aspects that by consensus of many researchers compete with constraining and facilitating factors in their use providing them with more validity and reproducibility concerning studies of food consumption for children and adolescents

Common surgical procedures in pilonidal sinus disease: A meta-analysis, merged data analysis, and comprehensive study on recurrence

Abstract We systematically searched available databases. We reviewed 6,143 studies published from 1833 to 2017. Reports in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish were considered, as were publications in other languages if definitive treatment and recurrence at specific follow-up times were described in an English abstract. We assessed data in the manner of a meta-analysis of RCTs; further we assessed non-RCTs in the manner of a merged data analysis. In the RCT analysis including 11,730 patients, Limberg & Dufourmentel operations were associated with low recurrence of 0.6% (95%CI 0.3–0.9%) 12 months and 1.8% (95%CI 1.1–2.4%) respectively 24 months postoperatively. Analysing 89,583 patients from RCTs and non-RCTs, the Karydakis & Bascom approaches were associated with recurrence of only 0.2% (95%CI 0.1–0.3%) 12 months and 0.6% (95%CI 0.5–0.8%) 24 months postoperatively. Primary midline closure exhibited long-term recurrence up to 67.9% (95%CI 53.3–82.4%) 240 months post-surgery. For most procedures, only a few RCTs without long term follow up data exist, but substitute data from numerous non-RCTs are available. Recurrence in PSD is highly dependent on surgical procedure and by follow-up time; both must be considered when drawing conclusions regarding the efficacy of a procedure