Daily calcium intake in male children and adolescents obtained from the rapid assessment method and the 24-hour recall method

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In order to rapidly assess nutrient intake, Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) have been developed and proven to be reliable for quick, user friendly analysis in adults. However, the accuracy of these questionnaires in children has been studied to a limited extent. The aim of this study was to compare the daily calcium intake values obtained from the Rapid Assessment Method (RAM), an FFQ, for assessing daily calcium intake in child and adolescent males with the values obtained from the 24-hour recall method.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects included 162 child and adolescent males, aged 9–16 years, subdivided into elementary school (ES, 9–12 years) and high school (HS, 14–16 years) age groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Daily calcium intake was significantly lower in ES compared with HS, using both methods. The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) between RAM values and those obtained using the 24-hour recall questionnaire were significant yet moderate (ICC = 0.46 and 0.43 for ES and HS, respectively). However, daily calcium intake obtained using RAM was significantly higher when compared with the 24-hour recall values in both ES (1576 +/- 1101 vs. 1003 +/- 543 mg, in RAM and 24-hour, respectively) and in HS males (1873 +/- 739 vs. 1159 +/- 515 mg, in RAM and 24-hour, respectively).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>RAM overestimates daily calcium intake as compared with the 24-hour recall method in both child and adolescent males.</p

Poor food and nutrient intake among Indigenous and non-Indigenous rural Australian children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to describe the food and nutrient intake of a population of rural Australian children particularly Indigenous children. Participants were aged 10 to 12 years, and living in areas of relative socio-economic disadvantage on the north coast of New South Wales.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this descriptive cross-sectional study 215 children with a mean age of 11.30 (SD 0.04) years (including 82 Indigenous children and 93 boys) completed three 24-hour food recalls (including 1 weekend day), over an average of two weeks in the Australian summer of late 2005.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A high proportion of children consumed less than the Australian Nutrient Reference Values for fibre (74-84% less than Adequate Intake (AI)), calcium (54-86% less than Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)), folate and magnesium (36% and 28% respectively less than EAR among girls), and the majority of children exceeded the upper limit for sodium (68-76% greater than Upper Limit (UL)). Energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) food consumption contributed between 45% and 49% to energy. Hot chips, sugary drinks, high-fat processed meats, salty snacks and white bread were the highest contributors to key nutrients and sugary drinks were the greatest <it>per capita </it>contributor to daily food intake for all. <it>Per capita </it>intake differences were apparent by Indigenous status. Consumption of fruit and vegetables was low for all children. Indigenous boys had a higher intake of energy, macronutrients and sodium than non-Indigenous boys.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The nutrient intake and excessive EDNP food consumption levels of Australian rural children from disadvantaged areas are cause for concern regarding their future health and wellbeing, particularly for Indigenous boys. Targeted intervention strategies should address the high consumption of these foods.</p

A 'five-a-day' fruit and vegetable pack for primary school children. Part II: controlled evaluation in two Scottish schools

A pack to encourage primary school children to consume more fruit and vegetables consists of a fridge chart, a set of cardboard counters with pictures of fruit and vegetable characters, a portion guide, instructions for use and a record book. The pack was piloted in a controlled study in two Lothian schools in May and June 1997. Data were collected on four occasions with a 'Day in the Life' questionnaire, focus-group discussions and short questionnaire at the end of the study. Full sets of data were available for 99 of 113 children from the rolls of two P3 and two P4 classes. The packs were popular with the children who said that they had used them regularly during the study period. The children also reported that the packs encouraged them to eat more fruit (71 per cent) and more vegetables (59 per cent) but consumption, measured by the Day in the Life questionnaire, remained low throughout. Mean portions of fruit, fruit juice and vegetables showed small increases following the inter vention, but standard deviations were large. It was concluded that the packs are promising in their appeal to children and that future work will need to involve individual classroom teachers, the school catering service and the children's families to maximise suppor

Desenvolvimento de um questionário de freqüência alimentar para avaliação do consumo alimentar de crianças de 2 a 5 anos de idade Development of a food frequency questionnaire for children aged 2 to 5 years

Devido ao crescente interesse sobre a possível relação entre a alimentação de crianças e adolescentes e doenças na idade adulta, a dieta de indivíduos jovens tem sido pesquisada. Este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um questionário de freqüência alimentar para avaliar a dieta habitual de crianças de 2 a 5 anos de idade (QFAC). Foram identificados os alimentos mais representativos para o consumo de energia - carboidrato, proteína, lipídio, retinol, vitamina C, cálcio e ferro - a partir de recordatórios de 24h de crianças de 2 a 5 anos do município de São Paulo. No QFAC foram definidas porções médias ou medianas, o tempo precedente foi estipulado em 6 meses e a freqüência de consumo apresentada em 7 categorias. O QFAC apresentou-se como um instrumento adequado para a avaliação da dieta habitual de crianças de 2 a 5 anos de idade, possibilitando a investigação das características da alimentação habitual deste grupo e o estabelecimento das possíveis relações entre a dieta e o estado nutricional.<br>This study was conducted to design a food frequency questionnaire for assessing the regular diets of children aged 2 to 5 years. It identified the most important sources of total calories, carbohydrate, proteins, total fat, retinol, vitamin C, calcium and iron from 24h dietary recalls applied to a random population sample aged 2 to 5 years in the city of São Paulo. Average or median portions were defined. The FFQ investigated the frequency of children's consumption of 57 items over the previous six months. Seven categories of food frequency were defined. The FFQ proved to be useful in epidemiological studies of children's intake over extended periods, making it possible to identify the dietary habits of this group and to evaluate the association between diet and nutritional status

Brennstoffeinsparung bei Warmwasserheizanlagen durch Einsatz gasbetriebener Waermepumpen (Gaswaermepumpen) Teilvorhaben Gasmotor. Abschlussbericht. Abschlussdatum: April 1979

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