1,790 research outputs found
Nutrient Limitation of Periphyton in a Spring-Fed, Coastal Stream in Florida, USA.
There is strong evidence to suggest that ground-water
nitrate concentrations have increased in recent years and
further increases are expected along portions of the central
Gulf coast of Florida. Much of the nitrate enriched groundwater
is discharged into surface waters through numerous
freshwater springs that are characteristic of the area and the
potential for eutrophication of their receiving waters is a
legitimate concern. To test the potential effects of elevated
nutrient concentrations on the periphyton community an
in
situ
nutrient addition experiment was conducted in the
spring-fed Chassahowitzka River, FL, USA, during the summer
of 1999. Plastic tubes housing arrays of glass microscope
slides were suspended in the stream. Periphyton colonizing
the microscope slides was subjected to artificial increases in
nitrogen, phosphorus or a combination of both. Slides from
each tube were collected at 3- to 4- day intervals and the
periphyton communities were measured for chlorophyll concentration.
The addition of approximately 10 μg/L of phosphate
above ambient concentrations significantly increased
the amount of periphyton on artificial substrates relative to
controls; the addition of approximately 100 μg/L of nitrate
above ambient concentrations did not. The findings from
this experiment implicated phosphorus, rather than
nitrogen, as the nutrient that potentially limits periphyton
growth in this system.(PDF contains 4 pages.
Photoluminescence and Terahertz Emission from Femtosecond Laser-Induced Plasma Channels
Luminescence as a mechanism for terahertz emission from femtosecond
laser-induced plasmas is studied. By using a fully microscopic theory, Coulomb
scattering between electrons and ions is shown to lead to luminescence even for
a spatially homogeneous plasma. The spectral features introduced by the rod
geometry of laser-induced plasma channels in air are discussed on the basis of
a generalized mode-function analysis.Comment: 4 pages with 2 figures
An infrared study of the double nucleus in NGC3256
We present new resolved near and mid-IR imaging and N-band spectroscopy of
the two nuclei in the merger system NGCA3256, the most IR luminous galaxy in
the nearby universe. The results from the SED fit to the data are consistent
with previous estimates of the amount of obscuration towards the nuclei and the
nuclear star formation rates. However, we also find substantial differences in
the infrared emission from the two nuclei which cannot be explained by
obscuration alone. We conclude that the northern nucleus requires an additional
component of warm dust in order to explain its properties. This suggests that
local starforming conditions can vary significantly within the environment of a
single system.Comment: Accepted for publication (MNRAS
Recalculation of Proton Compton Scattering in Perturbative QCD
At very high energy and wide angles, Compton scattering on the proton (gamma
p -> gamma p) is described by perturbative QCD. The perturbative QCD
calculation has been performed several times previously, at leading twist and
at leading order in alpha_s, with mutually inconsistent results, even when the
same light-cone distribution amplitudes have been employed. We have
recalculated the helicity amplitudes for this process, using contour
deformations to evaluate the singular integrals over the light-cone momentum
fractions. We do not obtain complete agreement with any previous result. Our
results are closest to those of the most recent previous computation, differing
significantly for just one of the three independent helicity amplitudes, and
only for backward scattering angles. We present results for the unpolarized
cross section, and for three different polarization asymmetries. We compare the
perturbative QCD predictions for these observables with those of the handbag
and diquark models. In order to reduce uncertainties associated with alpha_s
and the three-quark wave function normalization, we have normalized the Compton
cross section using the proton elastic form factor. The theoretical predictions
for this ratio are about an order of magnitude below existing experimental
data.Comment: Latex, 23 pages, 13 figures. Checked numerical integration one more
way; added results for one more proton distribution amplitude; a few other
minor changes. Version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Explicit Model Realizing Parton-Hadron Duality
We present a model that realizes both resonance-Regge (Veneziano) and
parton-hadron (Bloom-Gilman) duality. We first review the features of the
Veneziano model and we discuss how parton-hadron duality appears in the
Bloom-Gilman model. Then we review limitations of the Veneziano model, namely
that the zero-width resonances in the Veneziano model violate unitarity and
Mandelstam analyticity. We discuss how such problems are alleviated in models
that construct dual amplitudes with Mandelstam analyticity (so-called DAMA
models). We then introduce a modified DAMA model, and we discuss its
properties. We present a pedagogical model for dual amplitudes and we construct
the nucleon structure function F2(x,Q2). We explicitly show that the resulting
structure function realizes both Veneziano and Bloom-Gilman duality.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
Composition Dependence of the Structure and Electronic Properties of Liquid Ga-Se Alloys Studied by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation is used to study the structure and
electronic properties of the liquid Ga-Se system at the three compositions
GaSe, GaSe and GaSe, and of the GaSe and GaSe crystals. The
calculated equilibrium structure of GaSe crystal agrees well with available
experimental data. The neutron-weighted liquid structure factors calculated
from the simulations are in reasonable agreement with recent neutron
diffraction measurements. Simulation results for the partial radial
distribution functions show that the liquid structure is closely related to
that of the crystals. A close similarity between solid and liquid is also found
for the electronic density of states and charge density. The calculated
electronic conductivity decreases strongly with increasing Se content, in
accord with experimental measurements.Comment: REVTeX, 8 pages and 12 uuencoded PostScript figures, submitted to
Phys. Rev. B. corresponding author: [email protected]
A new dynamical modeling of the WASP-47 system with CHEOPS observations
Among the hundreds of known hot Jupiters (HJs), only five have been found to have companions on short-period orbits. Within this rare class of multiple planetary systems, the architecture of WASP-47 is unique, hosting an HJ (planet-b) with both an inner and an outer sub-Neptunian mass companion (-e and -d, respectively) as well as an additional non-transiting, long-period giant (-c). The small period ratio between planets -b and -d boosts the transit time variation (TTV) signal, making it possible to reliably measure the masses of these planets in synergy with the radial velocity (RV) technique. In this paper, we present new space- and ground-based photometric data of WASP-47b and WASP-47-d, including 11 unpublished light curves from the ESA mission CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS). We analyzed the light curves in a homogeneous way together with all the publicly available data to carry out a global N-body dynamical modeling of the TTV and RV signals. We retrieved, among other parameters, a mass and density for planet -d of Md = 15.5 ± 0.8 M⊕ and ρd = 1.69 ± 0.22 g cm−3, which is in good agreement with the literature and consistent with a Neptune-like composition. For the inner planet (-e), we found a mass and density of Me = 9.0 ± 0.5 M⊕ and ρe = 8.1 ± 0.5 g cm−3, suggesting an Earth-like composition close to other ultra-hot planets at similar irradiation levels. Though this result is in agreement with previous RV plus TTV studies, it is not in agreement with the most recent RV analysis (at 2.8σ), which yielded a lower density compatible with a pure silicate composition. This discrepancy highlights the still unresolved issue of suspected systematic offsets between RV and TTV measurements. In this paper, we also significantly improve the orbital ephemerides of all transiting planets, which will be crucial for any future follow-up
Rapidity gaps in perturbative QCD
We analyze diffractive deep inelastic scattering within perturbative QCD by
studying lepton scattering on a heavy quark target. Simple explicit expressions
are derived in impact parameter space for the photon wave function and the
scattering cross sections corresponding to single and double Coulomb gluon
exchange. At limited momentum transfers to the target, the results agree with
the general features of the ``aligned jet model''. The color--singlet exchange
cross section receives a leading twist contribution only from the aligned jet
region, where the transverse size of the photon wave function remains finite in
the Bjorken scaling limit. In contrast to inclusive DIS, in diffractive events
there is no leading twist contribution to from the lowest
order photon Fock state, and the cross section for heavy quarks is
power suppressed in the quark mass. There are also important contributions with
large momentum transfer to the target, which corresponds to events having high
transverse momentum production in both the projectile and target rapidity
regions, separated by a rapidity gap.Comment: 27 pages, LaTeX, 6 figures. Duplicate figure removed, paper unchange
A classical theory for second-harmonic generation from metallic nanoparticles
In this article, we develop a classical electrodynamic theory to study the
optical nonlinearities of metallic nanoparticles. The quasi-free electrons
inside the metal are approximated as a classical Coulomb-interacting electron
gas, and their motion under the excitation of an external electromagnetic field
is described by the plasma equations. This theory is further tailored to study
second-harmonic generation. Through detailed experiment-theory comparisons, we
validate this classical theory as well as the associated numerical algorithm.
It is demonstrated that our theory not only provides qualitative agreement with
experiments, it also reproduces the overall strength of the experimentally
observed second-harmonic signals.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. Submitte
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