Evaluation in vitro et in vivo des proprietes anthelminthiques de feuilles de Spondias mombin sur Haemonchus contortus des ovins djallonke

Depuis longtemps, la lutte contre les maladies animales s’est faite avec l’utilisation des molécules chimiques de synthèse. Cette lutte chimique est à l’origine du développement de résistance de certains agents pathogènes. Face à cette contrainte, de nouvelles méthodes de lutte sont envisagées. La présente étude se propose d’évaluer in vitro et in vivo, les propriétés anthelminthiques de Spondias mombin sur Haemonchus contortus chez les ovins Djallonké. Des tests biologiques des extraits éthanoliques et méthanoliques de la plante ont été effectués sur les larves L3 et sur les vers adultes de H contortus. Pour les essais in vivo, trois lots de brebis parasitées sont constitués : Témoin sans traitement; Lot 1 et Lot 2 recevant respectivement 1,45g et 2,9g /kg/animal de poudre de feuilles de S. mombin pendant trois jours. Les tests in vitro ont montré des valeurs significatives (p < 0,01) de la capacité des extraits de S. mombin à inhiber la migration des larves L3 (45 à 80 %) et à réduire la motilité des vers adultes après 30 heures d’exposition (77 à 100 %), comparativement au témoin de référence négatif (PBS). L’activité antiparasitaire des feuilles de S. mombin obtenue in vitro est confirmée in vivo sur les brebis. Les résultats des travaux révèlent que les traitements avec la poudre de S. mombin a permis une réduction de plus de 50 % du niveau d’excrétion des œufs chez les brebis traitées. Mots clés : Parasites, Haemonchus contortus, ovins Djallonké, Spondias mombin. Anthelmintic activity of Spondias mombin ‘sleaves against Haemonchus contortusFor a long time, the fight against animal diseases has been done with the use of synthetic chemical molecules. This chemical fight is at the origin of the development of resistance of certain pathogens. Faced with this constraint, new control methods are being considered. This study proposes to evaluate in vitro and in vivo, the anthelmintic properties of Spondias mombin on Haemonchus contortus of Djallonke sheep. Biological tests of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of the plant were carried out on the L3 larvae and on the adult worms of H contortus. For in vivo tests, three lots of parasitized ewes consist of: Control without treatment; Lot 1 and Lot 2 receiving respectively 1.45g and 2.9 g / kg / animal leaf powder of S. mombin for three days. In vitro tests showed significant (p < 0.01) values of the ability of S. mombin extracts to inhibit the migration of L3 larvae (45 - 80 %) and to reduce the motility of adult worms after 30 hours. exposure (77 to 100 %), compared to the negative reference control (PBS). It should be noted that, in general, the anthelmintic activity of S. mombin extracts is not influenced by the type of solvent used. The anti-parasitic activity of S. mombin leaves obtained in vitro is confirmed in vivo in ewes. The results of the work show that treatments with S. mombin powder resulted in a reduction of more than 50 % in the level of egg excretion in treated ewes. Key words: Parasites, Haemonchus contortus, Djallonke sheep, Spondias mombin

Effet d’une infestation naturelle avec les nematodes gastro-intestinaux sur les performances zootechniques et la secretion de la prolactine des ovins djallonke

La présente étude se propose d’évaluer l’impact des parasites gastro-intestinaux sur la croissance pondérale et la production laitière des ovins Djallonké d’une part, d’autre part de mesurer l’influence des parasites gastro-intestinaux sur la prolactine. Pour ce fait, dans un premier essai, deux lots de brebis sont constitués après une infestation naturelle suivant le degré d’infestation après une coproscopie quantitative (les plus parasités et les moins parasités). Dans un deuxième essai, deux lots d’agneaux ont été constitués (1 lot d’agneaux déparasités et 1 lot d’agneaux non déparasités). Un contrôle de la charge parasitaire est fait aussi bien chez les brebis que chez les agneaux. Le poids vif des brebis et celui des agneaux, la production laitière journalière sont des paramètres zootechniques mesurés. Le taux de prolactine dans le sang des brebis est aussi mesuré. Les résultats des travaux révèlent que les parasites gastro-intestinaux influencent la variation du poids vif des brebis gestantes et le poids vif à la naissance des agneaux. Egalement la production laitière des brebis et la croissance avant sevrage des agneaux sont influencées par les parasites gastro-intestinaux. Contrairement aux performances zootechniques, la prolactine n’est pas influencée par l’infestation des brebis par les parasites gastro-intestinaux.Mots clés: Parasites, production laitière, croissance pondérale, brebis, agneaux,Djallonké, BéninEnglish Title: Effect of natural infestation with gastrointestinal nematodes on zootechnic performance and secretion of djallonke ovine prolactinEnglish AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of gastrointestinal parasites on the weight growth and milk production of Djallonké sheep on the one hand, and to measure the influence of gastrointestinal parasites on prolactin. For this purpose, in a first trial, two batches of ewes are constituted after a natural infestation according to the degree of infestation after quantitative coproscopy (the most parasitized and the least parasitized).  In a second trial, two lots of lambs were bred (1 lot of de-shedded lambs and 1 lot of lambs). Parasite load control is done in sheep as well as in lambs. Live weight of ewes and lambs, daily milk production are measured zootechnical parameters. The level of prolactin in the blood of ewes is also measured. The results show that gastrointestinal parasites influence the change in live weight of pregnant ewes and birth weight of lambs. Also the milk production of ewes and growth before weaning of lambs are influenced by gastrointestinal parasites. In contrast to zootechnical performance, prolactin is not influenced by ewe infestation by gastrointestinal parasites.Keywords: Parasites, milk production, weight gain, ewes, lambs, Djallonke, Republic of Beni

Variability of chemical composition of Newbouldia laevis and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides related to environmental factors

N. laevis and Z. zanthoxyloides leaves from departments of Atlantic, Oueme, Couffo and Zou Area of South Benin were screened for the presence of chemical compounds by standard methods and compared. The results revealed the presence of the following compounds: alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, quinones, and essential oils in the plant samples regardless of the area and the harvest season. Saponins, cardiac glycosides, cyanogenic glycosides were found to be absent in the leaves of Z. zanthoxyloides and N. laevis regardless of the area and the harvest season. The significance of the plants in traditional medicine and the importance of the distribution of the chemical constituents justified the traditional use of these plants for the treatment of tropical diseases. We recommend further research work on these plants leaves for possible use as a source of raw material for industrial and medical science utilization.Keywords: Chemical Composition, Newbouldia laevis, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, environmental factors, Beni

Eficácia de plantas para o controle de nematóides gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes: revisão de estudos publicados Plant efficacy in small ruminant gastrointestinal nematode control: a review of published studies

As helmintoses gastrintestinais constituem um dos principais fatores limitantes para a ovinocaprinocultura em todo o mundo e a saúde dos rebanhos depende de um efetivo controle antiparasitário. A resistência aos anti-helmínticos representa um dos entraves para esse controle e a busca por novas bases tem sido um desafio constante. A utilização da fitoterapia na medicina veterinária constitui um campo promissor de pesquisas. Estudos nesta área necessitam da inserção em um contexto agroecológico, tendo como fator limitante o manejo sustentável dos recursos naturais envolvidos. O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão dos estudos de plantas cientificamente testadas no Brasil e em outros países para o controle das parasitoses gastrintestinais em pequenos ruminantes.<br>Gastrointestinal helminthiasis has been one of the main limiting factors to small ruminant breeding around the world and the health of these animals depends on an efficient parasitological control. Resistance to anthelmintics represents one of the barriers to this control and the search for new bases has been a constant challenge. The use of phytotherapy in Veterinary Medicine is a promising research field. Studies in this area require the insertion into an agroecological context, presenting as limitation the sustainable management of the involved natural resources. This paper presents a review of studies on plants scientifically tested in Brazil and other countries for gastrointestinal nematode control concerning small ruminants