Characteristic time determination for transport phenomena during the electrokinetic treatment of a porous medium

International audienceElectroremediation is a soil decontamination technique. The electric field applied to a porous medium induces the migration of ionic species in solution. The different phenomena appearing in soil are presented. A new methodological approach is carried out in order to determine if preponderant and/or limiting phenomena can be considered. The theoretical study, using dimensional analysis, showed that transport of ionic species in solution could be described only by electro-osmosis and electromigration phenomena. But, other phenomena, such as heterogeneous reactions, can restrict the migration of ionic species which is only possible for chemical species in solution. Then, an experimental study was carried out with a tracer, in order to verify the theoretical characteristic times for transport phenomena, obtained by dimensional analysis and calculated in a synthetic medium. Rigorous experimental procedures were followed to realise well-controlled electroremediation experiments. The experimental results obtained have allowed the measurement of characteristic times of electrokinetic transport and the theoretical times have been validated. In addition, the application of a simple mass balance equation to the soil and an electrolytic compartment has allowed the verification of the migration behaviour of the mass flux as a front advance

Impak Modenisasi dan Pengkomersilan Terhadap Keaslian Makanan Tradisi dan Identiti Budaya Etnik Kadazan- Dusun di Sabah

Modenisasi memainkan peranan besar terhadap perubahan identiti budaya sesebuah etnik termasuklah aspek makanan tradisi. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan modenisasi dan pengkomersilan terhadap keaslian makanan tradisi serta pelestarian identiti budaya dan mengenalpasti tahap serta kaedah pengkomersilan makanan berkenaan. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada makanan tradisi etnik Kadazan-Dusun di Sabah khususnya tuhau dan bambangan. Kajian lapangan yang menggunakan teknik pengamatan turut serta, temu bual dan tinjauan soal selidik dilaksanakan di beberapa lokasi petempatan etnik Kadazan-Dusun termasuklah kawasan Pantai Barat Selatan (Kota Kinabalu, Penampang, Tuaran, Tamparuli, Ranau dan Kundasang), Pantai Barat Utara (Kudat, Sikuati dan Kota Marudu) dan Pedalaman atas (Tenom, Keningau, Tambunan, Nabawan dan Sook). Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa pengkomersilan dan modenisasi mempengaruhi keaslian makanan tradisi etnik Kadazan-Dusun khususnya tuhau dan bambangan tetapi tidak melenyapkan identiti budaya etnik berkenaan kerana penyediaan secara tradisi masih turut dipasarkan dan mendapat sambutan dalam kalangan penduduk. Sementelah itu, lokasi petempatan mempengaruhi keaslian dan improvisasi serta tahap dan kaedah pengkomersilan makanan tradisi berkenaan. Antara faktor

Utilising a real-time continuous glucose monitor as part of a low glycaemic index and load diet and determining its effect on improving dietary intake, body composition and metabolic parameters of overweight and obese young adults: A randomised controlled trial

A randomised controlled trial to measure the effects of integrating real-time continuous glucose monitor (rtCGM) into a low glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) dietary intervention on dietary intake, body composition and specific metabolic parameters was carried out. A total of 40 overweight young adults [(means ± SD) age: 26.4 ± 5.3 years, BMI: 29.4 ± 4.7 kg/m2] were randomised into an intervention and control groups for a period of eight weeks. Both groups received nutrition education on low GI and GL foods. The intervention group also received an rtCGM system to monitor their glucose levels 24 h a day. While controlling for physical activities and GI and GL nutrition knowledge, the results indicated that the rtCGM system further improved body weight, BMI, fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the intervention group (p < 0.05). This trial unveils the robustness of the rtCGM where non-diabetic overweight and obese young adults can benefit from this device and utilise it as a management tool for overweight and obesity and a primary prevention tool for type 2 diabetes, as it provides real-time and personalised information on physiological changes

Use of a Continuous Glucose Monitor to Determine the Glycaemic Index of Rice-Based Mixed Meals, Their Effect on a 24 h Glucose Profile and Its Influence on Overweight and Obese Young Adults’ Meal Preferences

Postprandial hyperglycaemia is associated with an increased risk of type-2 diabetes. This study aims to determine the glycaemic index (GI) of three varieties of rice-based mixed meals and their effects on glycaemic variability (GV), 24 h mean glucose levels and target ranges, and rice variety preferences among overweight and obese young adults using real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM). In a randomised controlled crossover design, 14 participants (22.8 ± 4.6 years, 32.9 ± 5.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive 3 rice-based mixed meals containing 50 g of available carbohydrates (white rice meal = WRM; brown rice meal = BRM; and parboiled basmati rice meal = PBRM) and 50 g of a glucose reference drink on alternate days. GI, GV, 24 h mean glucose levels and target ranges were measured. Rice variety preferences were compared with those of baseline data and determined at the end of the study period. Results: The analysis found that PBRM was low in GI (45.35 ± 2.06), BRM medium in GI (56.44 ± 2.34), and WRM high in GI (83.03 ± 2.19). PBRM had a significantly (p 0.05) lower GV compared to WRM. Prior to observing their postprandial glucose levels generated by rtCGM, the participants preferred WRM (64.3%) over other meals, whereas this preference changed significantly (p < 0.05) at the endpoint (PBRM, 71.4%). PBRM reduced 24 h glucose level and GV of overweight and obese young adults. The rtCGM is proven to be reliable in measuring GI, while providing robust continuous glycaemic information. This may serve as an educational tool that motivates eating behaviour changes among overweight and obese young adults

Pengaruh motivasi dan kesannya terhadap prestasi akademik: tinjauan terhadap pelajar Sarjana Muda Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Sesi 1999/2000 KUiTTHO

Laporan Projek Sarjana ini mempersembahkan hasil kajian yang bertajuk 'PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN KESANNYA TERHADAP PRESTASI AKADEMIK'. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti hubungan faktor-faktor yang signifikan dalam penentuan prestasi akademik pelajar (faktor dalaman, luaran dan persekitaran) dengan prestasi akademik yang diukur melalui Purata Markah Keseluruhan atau CGPA. Sampel kajian adalah seramai 60 orang pelajar Saijana Muda Kejuruteraan Mekanikal sesi 1999/2000 KUiTTHO. Kajian adalah berbentuk tinjauan yang menggunakan sejenis instrumen kajian dalam mendapatkan data iaitu borang soal selidik. Kesemua data dianalisis dan dikemukakan dalam bentuk analisis statistik secara deskriptif dan secara inferensi. Korelasi Pearson digunakan untuk melihat hubungan antara setiap pembolehubah. Terdapat tiga faktor utama yang dikaji iaitu faktor dalaman(min=3.6), faktor luaran(min=3.7) dan faktor persekitaran (min=2.9). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa ketiga-tiga tiga faktor tersebut mempunyai hubungan yang positif dengan prestasi akademik. Faktor dalaman yang paling memberi hubungan yang signifikan dalam prestasi akademik dengan 0.795, faktor luaran 0.650 dan faktor persekitaran 0. 339. Di akhir kajian ini, pengkaji mencadangkan agar (i) Mengadakan banyak Kem Motivasi, (ii) Peningkatan cara pengajaran pensyarah, (iii) Penyediaan peralatan pembelajaran yang mencukupi, (iv) Sumber rujukan seperti buku dan majalah di Perpustakaan mesti mencukupi