PERJANJIAN BANTUAN TIMBAL BALIK DALAM MASALAH PIDANA ANTARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA DAN REPUBLIK SOSIALIS VIETNAM

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah pemberian bantuan timbal balik dalam masalah pidana antara Republik Indonesia dan Republik Sosialis Vietnam dan bagaimanakah penolakan bantuan timbal balik dalam masalah pidana antara Republik Indonesia dan Republik Sosialis Vietnam di mana dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan: 1. Pemberian bantuan timbal balik dalam masalah pidana antara Republik Indonesia dan Republik Sosialis Vietnam diantaranya pencarian dan pengidentifikasian orang dan barang; pemeriksaan barang dan lokasi, penyampaian dokumen, termasuk dokumen untuk mengupayakan kehadiran orang; penyediaan informasi, dokumen, catatan, dan barang bukti, penyediaan dokumen asli atau salinan resmi yang relevan, catatan, dan barang bukti, penyediaan barang, termasuk peminjaman barang bukti, penggeledahan dan penyitaan, pengambilan barang bukti dan keterangan dan bantuan timbali balik dalam masalah pidana lainnya. 2. Penolakan bantuan timbal balik dalam masalah pidana antara Republik Indonesia dan Republik Sosialis Vietnam dilakukan apabila menurut pandangan Pihak Diminta, pelaksanaan permintaan dimaksud akan mengganggu kedaulatan, keamanan, ketertiban umum, atau kepentingan umum dan permintaan terkait dengan tindak pidana yang tersangkanya telah dinyatakan tidak bersalah atau diampuni serta permintaan terkait dengan suatu penuntutan terhadap seseorang atas tindak pidana yang telah dijatuhi putusan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap.Kata kunci: bantuan timbal balik

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Motivasi dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara

Teacher performance is very important for achieving educational goals. This research was conducted with the aim of assessing the influence or impact of leadership, motivation, and work discipline on the performance of state junior high school teachers in Southeast Minahasa Regency. The quantitative method was used by taking a sample of 80 public junior high school teachers from a total population of 398 teachers. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using SPSS 25. The results showed that leadership had no effect on teacher performance. Meanwhile, work motivation and discipline have a significant positive effect on teacher performance. This finding confirms the importance of increasing the motivation and work discipline of teachers to improve their performance in the research area.Kinerja guru sangat penting demi tercapainya tujuan pendidikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menilai pengaruh atau dampak kepemimpinan, motivasi, dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja guru SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Metode kuantitatif digunakan dengan mengambil sampel dari 80 guru SMP Negeri dari total populasi 398 guru. Analisis regresi linear berganda dilakukan dengan SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja guru. Sedangkan motivasi dan disiplin kerja memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap kinerja guru. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya meningkatkan motivasi dan disiplin kerja guru untuk meningkatkan kinerja mereka di wilayah penelitian

Repetitive spinal motor neuron discharges following single transcranial magnetic stimulation: relation to dexterity

Transcranial magnetic stimulation allows to study the properties of the human corticospinal tract non-invasively. After a single transcranial magnetic stimulus, spinal motor neurons (MNs) sometimes fire not just once, but repetitively. The biological significance of such repetitive MN discharges (repMNDs) is unknown. To study the relation of repMNDs to other measures of cortico-muscular excitability and to physiological measures of the skill for finely tuned precision movements, we used a previously described quadruple stimulation (QuadS) technique (Z'Graggen et al. 2005) to quantify the amount of repMNDs in abductor digiti minimi muscles (ADMs) on both sides of 20 right-handed healthy subjects. Skillfulness for finger precision movements of both hands was assessed using a finger tapping task. In 16 subjects, a follow-up examination was performed after training of either precision movements (n=8) or force (n=8) of the left ADM. The size of the QuadS response (amplitude and area ratios) was greater in the dominant right hand than in the left hand (QuadS amplitude ratio: 47.1±18.1 versus 37.7±22.0%, Wilcoxon test: P<0.05; QuadS area ratio: 49.7±16.2% versus 36.9±23.0%, Wilcoxon test: P<0.05), pointing to a greater amount of repMNDs. Moreover, the QuadS amplitude and area increased significantly after finger precision training, but not after force training. This increase of repMNDs correlated significantly with the increase in performance in the finger tapping task. Our results demonstrate that repMNDs are related to handedness and therefore probably reflect supraspinal excitability differences. The increase of repMNDs after skills training but not after force training supports the hypothesis of a supraspinal origin of repMND

Entwicklung eines Elementenrasters für IT-Strategien in der Öffentlichen Verwaltung

Die strategische IT-Planung ist ein relevantes praktisches Thema, Forschungsergebnisse dazu sind rar. Die Literatur ist sich uneins, welche Elemente eine IT-Strategie beinhaltet. Zu fragen ist: Welche Elemente einer IT-Strategie finden sich in der Literatur und welche Differenzen dazu werden in der Praxis öffentlicher Verwaltungen identifiziert? Der Beitrag leistet die Ablei-tung eines Elementenrasters aus der Literatur sowie den Abgleich desselben Verwaltungs-praktikern. Es wird auf ein qualitatives Forschungsdesign gesetzt. Es wurden acht qualitative Interviews mit Kantonen und Städten durchgeführt und danach ein Vergleich der Elemente aus der Theorie mit den Elementen aus den öffentlichen Verwaltungen gezogen. Die Erarbeitung des finalen Elementenrasters einer IT-Strategie zeigte überdies, dass folgende Rahmenbedingungen dieselben beeinflussen: Beachtung allgemeiner Rahmenbedingungen, Rolle der IT, (IT-)Aufbauor-ganisation, Ausprägung der CIO-Rolle. Weiter sind Aufgaben gesetzlich vorgegeben. Viele Elemente aus der Literatur finden in der Praxis wenig Beachtung. Das Elementenraster beinhaltet in 22 Kategorien gegliedert die Kernelemente einer IT-Strategie der öffentlichen Verwaltun

Ethnic inequality, multimorbidity and psychosis: can a syndemic framework resolve disputed evidence?

Syndemic theory is described as population-level clustering or co-occurrence of health conditions in the context of shared aetiologies that interact and can act synergistically. These influences appear to act within specific places of high disadvantage. We suggest ethnic inequality in experiences and outcomes of multimorbidity, including psychosis, may be explained through a syndemic framework. We discuss the evidence for each component of syndemic theory in relation to psychosis, using psychosis and diabetes as an exemplar. Following this, we discuss the practical and theoretical adaptations to syndemic theory in order to apply it to psychosis, ethnic inequality and multimorbidity, with implications for research, policy, and practice

Entwicklung eines thematisch-strukturellen Elementenrasters für E-Government-Strategien – Fallstudie Schweizer Kantone

E-Government kann mit verwaltungsübergreifender Digitalisierung von Verwaltungsprozessen beschrieben werden. In der Schweiz sind die Voraussetzungen für ein gut funktionierendes E-Government gegeben: Technologische Infrastrukturen sind gut ausgebaut, das Bildungsniveau ist hoch, etc. Um E-Government zu gestalten sind E-Government-Strategien erforderlich. Erstaunlicherweise gibt es wenig Literatur darüber, was für Themenbereiche oder Elemente in EGovernment-Strategien abzuhandeln sind. Diese Lücke füllt der vorliegende Beitrag. Die folgende Frage war für die Entwicklung des Beitrags handlungsleitend: Welche thematisch-strukturellen Elemente sind in E-Government-Strategien zu berücksichtigen? Für die Entwicklung des vorliegenden Beitrags wurde auf ein qualitatives Forschungsdesign gekoppelt mit Elementen aus dem Design-Science-Ansatz gesetzt. Dabei wurde auf Basis von Literaturrecherchen ein Elementenraster zusammengestellt, das in einer weiteren Phase acht kantonalen E-Government-Strategien gegenüber gestellt wurde. Daraus resultierte ein Raster, das im Sinne einer Hilfestellung Praktikern zur Erstellung von E-Government-Strategien an die Hand gegeben werden kann. Dazu gehört die Beschreibung, was zu den thematisch-strukturellen Elementen gehört

Image Co-localization by Mimicking a Good Detector's Confidence Score Distribution

Given a set of images containing objects from the same category, the task of image co-localization is to identify and localize each instance. This paper shows that this problem can be solved by a simple but intriguing idea, that is, a common object detector can be learnt by making its detection confidence scores distributed like those of a strongly supervised detector. More specifically, we observe that given a set of object proposals extracted from an image that contains the object of interest, an accurate strongly supervised object detector should give high scores to only a small minority of proposals, and low scores to most of them. Thus, we devise an entropy-based objective function to enforce the above property when learning the common object detector. Once the detector is learnt, we resort to a segmentation approach to refine the localization. We show that despite its simplicity, our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods.Comment: Accepted to Proc. European Conf. Computer Vision 201

Herbaceous Tropical Legume Integration into Small-Holder Crop-Livestock Systems in Eastern Indonesia: Results of 10-Years of Multi-Disciplinary Systems Research

Integration a forage legume into crop-livestock systems of Eastern Indonesia was tested to establish the capacity to improve nitrogen supply and yields of staple cereal crops (maize and rice) and allow for intensification of beef production to ultimately increase farm income and alleviate rural poverty in the region. Species evaluation sites across a diversity of environments showed Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) to be the most resilient and adaptable forage legume for use in association with cropping systems. Crop rotation experiments demonstrated that legumes grown in rotation with maize or rice can increase grain yields by 50% where legume was cut and removed, and by 90% where legume biomass was retained – the legume providing the equivalent of 100-150 kg of urea fertiliser. Forage establishment and cutting management were shown to be critical to maximising legume productivity but labour inputs required are important constraints. Lower-labour options can be used effectively without dramatically compromising productivity. Providing legumes as supplements to cattle have been shown to have significant benefits for livestock productivity in various production systems; preventing liveweight losses of reproductive cows during the dry season, doubling calf growth rates and halving calf mortality, and increasing growth rates of growing cattle by 0.3-0.5 kg LW/d. Whole-farm bioeconomic modelling and participatory on-farm evaluation has found that livestock-oriented farmers with available land resources will benefit most from forage legumes with potential increases of farm income of up to 30%. Local seed production is critical for ongoing use of herbaceous forage legumes, and our research has refined locally relevant recommendations for agronomy for seed production methods and processing. Our research has confirmed that herbaceous forage legumes can be integrated into cropping systems to improve crop yields, livestock production and livelihoods of small-holder farmers in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Childhood maltreatment and adult medical morbidity in mood disorders: comparison of unipolar depression with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: The medical burden in mood disorders is high; various factors are thought to drive this pattern. Little research has examined the role of childhood maltreatment and its effects on medical morbidity in adulthood among people with unipolar depression and bipolar disorder.AimsThis is the first study to explore the association between childhood maltreatment and medical morbidity in bipolar disorder and in unipolar depression, and examine whether the impact of abuse and neglect are distinct or combined. METHOD: The participants consisted of 354 psychiatrically healthy controls, 248 participants with recurrent unipolar depression and 72 with bipolar disorder. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and received a validated medical history interview. RESULTS: Any type of childhood maltreatment, child abuse and child neglect were significantly associated with the medical burden in bipolar disorder, but not unipolar depression or for controls. These associations worked in a dose-response fashion where participants with bipolar disorder with a history of two or more types of childhood maltreatment had the highest odds of having a medical illness relative to those without such history or those who reported one form. No such significant dose-response patterns were detected for participants with unipolar depression or controls. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that childhood maltreatment may play a stronger role in the development of medical illnesses in individuals with bipolar disorder relative to those with unipolar depression. Individuals who had been maltreated with a mood disorder, especially bipolar disorder may benefit most from prevention and intervention efforts surrounding physical health.Declaration of interestNone.GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development funded BaCCs. The UK Medical Research Council (MRC; G0701420) funded DeCC. The BADGE study was supported by an Interdisciplinary PhD studentship from the UK Economic Social Research Council and MRC to G.M.H. H.L.F. is supported by an MQ Fellows Award (MQ14F40). K.H. is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London. The sources of funding had no involvement in the study design, data collection or decision to submit for publication

Understanding psychosis complexity through a syndemic framework: A systematic review.

Psychotic conditions pose significant challenges due to their complex aetiology and impact on individuals and communities. Syndemic theory offers a promising framework to understand the interconnectedness of various health and social problems in the context of psychosis. This systematic review aims to examine existing literature on testing whether psychosis is better understood as a component of a syndemic. We conducted a systematic search of 7 databases, resulting in the inclusion of five original articles. Findings from these studies indicate a syndemic characterized by the coexistence of various health and social conditions, are associated with a greater risk of psychosis, adverse health outcomes, and disparities, especially among ethnic minorities and deprived populations. This review underscores the compelling need for a new paradigm and datasets that can investigate how psychosis emerges in the context of a syndemic, ultimately guiding more effective preventive and care interventions as well as policies to improve the health of marginalised communities living in precarity