Tecido urbano e mercado imobiliário em São Paulo: metodologia de estudo com base na Décima Urbana de 1809

Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia inédita de espacialização da Décima Urbana, primeiro imposto predial estabelecido para as cidades brasileiras. Focaliza o caso de São Paulo, em 1809. Os dados recolhidos na documentação textual foram processados em banco de dados e cartografados na primeira planta cadastral da cidade, elaborada pelo engenheiro Carlos Bresser, entre 1844-1847, e confrontados com a documentação iconográfica dos viajantes e de Militão Augusto de Azevedo, de modo a precisar as informações obtidas. A Décima Urbana de 1809 contém informações sobre a localização dos imóveis, seus proprietários, inquilinos, tipologias (casas térreas, sobrados, lojas), finalidades (uso próprio, aluguel), usos (residencial, comercial, misto) e valor, que hoje nos permitem reconstituir hipoteticamente o velho tecido urbano da cidade de São Paulo e aspectos da dinâmica do seu mercado imobiliário em fins do período colonial.This article presents a new spatialisation methodology for the Décima Urbana, the first property tax established in Brazilian cities. The case of São Paulo in 1809 is studied. The data gathered from textual documentation was processed in a database and cartographed on the first official city plan, elaborated by engineer Carlos Bresser between 1844-1847, and then confronted with the iconographic documentation produced by visiting travellers and by photographer Militão Augusto de Azevedo, so as to cross-reference the information obtained. The Décima Urbana of 1809 contains data about the siting of buildings, their proprietors, tenants, typology (single and two-storey houses, shops), finalities (own use, rent), uses (residential, commercial, mixed) and value. This allows for the present day hypothetical reconstruction of old São Paulo's urban mesh and of aspects of the real estate market dynamics at the end of the colonial period

Nonpharmacological Interventions to Reduce Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review

Introduction. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are defined as a group of symptoms of disturbed perceptive thought content, mood, or behavior that include agitation, depression, apathy, repetitive questioning, psychosis, aggression, sleep problems, and wandering. Care of patients with BPSD involves pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. We reviewed studies of nonpharmacological interventions published in the last 10 years. Methods. We performed a systematic review in Medline and Embase databases, in the last 10 years, until June 2015. Key words used were (1) non-pharmacological interventions, (2) behavioral symptoms, (3) psychological symptoms, and (4) dementia. Results. We included 20 studies published in this period. Among these studies, program activities were more frequent (five studies) and the symptoms more responsive to the interventions were agitation. Discussion. Studies are heterogeneous in many aspects, including size sample, intervention, and instruments of measures. Conclusion. Nonpharmacological interventions are able to provide positive results in reducing symptoms of BPSD. Most studies have shown that these interventions have important and significant efficacy

Trombose da arteria carotida interna no curso e doença reumatica: registro de um caso

É relatado o caso de jovem que apresentou, de modo agudo, hemiplegia e hipertemia. O estudo angiográfico revelou trombose de porção distal da carótida interna e as provas laboratoriais evidenciaram doença reumática. Os autores fazem referência à endoarterite reumática provocando oclusão arterial e comentam o diagnóstico deferencial que deve ser feito com acidentes vasculares devidos a embolos oriundos de endocárdio afetado pela afecção reumática

Generalized cross-entropy methods with applications to rare-event simulation and optimization

The cross-entropy and minimum cross-entropy methods are well-known Monte Carlo simulation techniques for rare-event probability estimation and optimization. In this paper, we investigate how these methods can be eXtended to provide a general non-parametric cross-entropy framework based on φ-divergence distance measures. We show how the χ distance, in particular, yields a viable alternative to the Kullback—Leibler distance. The theory is illustrated with various eXamples from density estimation, rare-event simulation and continuous multi-eXtremal optimization